Palestine israeli conflict for international relations class Research Paper

Palestine israeli clash for universal relations class - Research Paper Example The regular thing in the two points of view of the Israeli and Palestinian clash is that the principle reason is on the issue of land and there are not kidding results that go with the contention. There has been loss of land, loss of lives and migration of the individuals from their tribal grounds so as to acquire wellbeing in different nations. The examination on worldwide relations identify with the Palestinian Israeli clash. The examination paper looks at the contention from a Palestinian viewpoint. The examination will lead an investigation of the reason for the contention, which establish the components that prompted the beginning of the battle. The historical backdrop of the contention helps in understanding the causes, impacts, intercessions, and eventual fate of the contention. The two gatherings could simply have effectively settled their contentions genially, however this has not been the situation. The two regions have seen the requirement for proceeding to battle a war that began path before they existed. The assistance from outside gatherings in attempting to referee the contention have additionally driven the nations into further and increasingly genuine proportions of managing the contention. There are a few effects that have come about because of the contention. Israel, for instance, has become an exceptional ly mobilized nation, with each sex from the high school years turning out to be full officers. It is a transitional experience for the youngsters to become warriors when they arrive at a particular age. For the Palestinians, the persecution they have endured on account of the Israelis has caused them to have a ton of despise and doubt for the Israelites. The Palestinians likewise don't have trust in the outside gatherings who have had a past filled with preferring the Israelites over them when it went to the contention. The Palestinians further fault outside powers for intensely adding to the battle. From the Palestinian point of view, the Palestinians are the wronged party, and they would not yield to the Israelites. They need vengeance and

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Assignment Example Henceforth, the fulfillment of the previously mentioned levels prompts individuals to try to meet the unpredictable needs. As a result, the mental needs incorporates sharing of having a place, love, and love with loved ones. The fourth level involves confidence in which individuals endeavor to pick up endorsement, just as acknowledgment. Individuals accomplish confidence when they are alright with their accomplishments. Self-realization speaks to the last level in Maslow’s chain of importance of requirements. In this level, individuals center around building their picture in the wake of achieving set objectives. Generally, the Maslow’s order of requirements is a significant in investigating employees’ inspiration. The Maslow’s progression of necessities is significant in improving the administration of the data innovation staff. The supervisory group ought to apply the Maslow’s pecking order of requirements in comprehension the personnel’s inspiration, just as necessities so as to make the condition that spurs workers. Disselkamp (2013) fights that cash is a genuine inspiring variable in fulfilling the security and physiological needs of the laborers. In this regard, cash assumes a noteworthy job in fulfilling the essential human needs. Thus, cash fulfills the social needs of the workers, and is perceived as the premise of the status, force, and regard. Accordingly, the board can utilize money related impetuses to keep the degree of inspiration among data innovation work force high. Correspondingly, the administration of the data innovation work force should try to extend employment opportunity security. Lauby (2005) sees that workers will in general be stressed over appro aching lay-offs if employer stability doesn't exist. Consequently, the directors should keep the degrees of inspiration among representatives high through giving them employer stability. The chiefs should utilize Maslow pecking order of necessities to set up medicinal services protection benefits, incidental advantages, annuity plans, retirement plans, and employer stability.

Milgrams Experiments and the Perils of Obedience

Milgrams Experiments and the Perils of Obedience What would your reaction be if an authority figure ordered you to do something that was morally or legally wrong? Would you go through with it? For instance, if a policeman asked you to do something that was akin to covering up a crime, would you do it? Many of us might claim that they wouldn’t do it, but science has a contrary opinion.Obedience to authority is a fundamental element in the structure of society. Without some form of authority, society would most likely end up in anarchy. Since birth, we are taught that we should obey authority, and threatened with punishment should we disobey. Many childhood stories and parental lessons constantly emphasize on this.Our experiences since childhood also reaffirm the importance of obedience. For instance, a parent might ask a child not to touch a hot cooking pot. The child disobeys the parent and touches the pot, only to end up burning his finger.Through such experiences, the child learns that obeying his parents is paramount for his s afety and wellbeing.As we grow older, we learn to trust and obey people in positions of authority even more. In school, we are taught to obey our teachers since we believe they know what is good and bad for us. The same happens once we get to work, where we have to obey our bosses and others in positions of power. The same happens in other areas of life.We learn to trust and obey doctors because they are more knowledgeable than us in matters health. We trust and obey our lawyers in legal matters because they are an authority in that particular field.Sometimes, our inclination to obey authority can lead us to commit actions that might be essentially wrong, provided we are submitting to authority when doing so.A good example of such a situation is the story of Abraham from the Bible. Abraham was ready to kill his only son and offer him as a burnt sacrifice simply because God had asked him to do it. What would you if you were in the same position? Would you do it? Is this something tha t can actually happen in real life?To answer this question, let us take a look at Milgram’s experiments. MILGRAM’S SHOCKING EXPERIMENTSThe experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram from 1961 have become some of the most famous studies in the field of psychology and obedience. The experiments began shortly after the start of the trial of Adolf Eichmann, A German Nazi war criminal.During the trial, Eichmann’s defense was that he was not responsible for the millions of deaths during the holocaust. Eichmann argued that he was only guilty of having been obedient. Eichmann’s defense caught the interest of Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University who was also a Jew and whose family had been affected by the Holocaust.Influenced by Eichmann’s argument, Milgram decided to conduct an experiment focusing on the conflict between personal conscience and obedience to authority. The experiments’ results led to a major finding in psychology: very often, a man’s actions are not defined by the kind of person he is, but rather by the situation in which he finds himself.The aim of Milgram’s experiment was to find out how far people would go in obeying instructions from a seemingly authoritative person if the instructions involved causing bodily harm to another person.For the experiment, Milgram recruited random volunteers by placing calls for volunteers in newspaper ads and paid them $4.50 for their participation in the experiment. Each session of the experiment involved three parties: the experimenter, the teacher and the learner.The experiment was disguised as a study on the effect of punishment and learning. The teacher was the volunteer, who was led to believe that he would be assisting the experimenter to conduct the experiment. In real sense, the teacher was the subject of the experiment. The learner, on the other hand, was an actor and a confederate of the experimenter. However, the learner also pretended to be a volunteer.Before the start of the ex periment, the teacher and the learner arrived together and were introduced to each other. It was clarified to both of them that they would both earn the $4.50 regardless of the outcome of the experiment.To keep up the appearance that both were volunteers, they drew slips to determine who would play the role of the teacher or learner.Unbeknownst to the teacher (subject), both slips read “teacher”. The actor would then claim to have picked the “learner” slip, which meant that the subject would always play the role of the teacher. Once the roles were picked, both the teacher and the learner were guided to a room where the learner was strapped to what seemed to be an electric chair, complete with electrodes.Before starting the experiment, a sample electric shock was administered to the teacher to give him an idea of what the learner would be supposedly going through during the experiment. The teacher was then taken to an adjacent room which had an intimidating shock generator th at the teacher would use to administer punishment (electric shocks) to the learner.The shock generator was equipped with switches denoting the amount of electric shock the learner would be receiving, with each switch being 15 volts higher than the previous one. The highest level of electric shock was the 450 volts switch.Next to the switches were labels indicating the intensity of the electric shock, starting from ‘slight shock’ to “Danger: severe shock”. The last two switches with the highest level of electric shock were marked with an ambiguous “XXX”.Once the experiment got underway, the teacher was presented with a list of word pairs that he was supposed to teach the learner. The teacher first read the list of words with their corresponding words to the learner, and then moved on to simply reading a word and presenting four possible corresponding words.The learner gave his answer by pressing a button. For every wrong answer, the teacher was required to deliver shocks to the learner, with 15 volt increments after every wrong answer. The learners answers were mostly wrong (this was done on purpose), and the teacher delivered an increasing electric shock for each wrong answer.Unknown to the teacher, the shock generator was not sending out any actual shocks. Instead, the learner only pretended to be receiving the shocks.As the experiment progressed and the voltage of the ‘electric shocks’ increased, the learner started making audible pleas to be released from the electric chair. At some point, the learner even complained that he had a heart condition that would be aggravated by the severity of the electric shocks.As the electric shocks reached the 300 volt mark, the learner started banging repeatedly on the wall begging for the experiment to stop. As the shocks moved towards the highest voltage, the learner simply went silent, refusing to answer any more questions. At this point, the teacher was asked to take the silence for a wrong answer and i ncrease the intensity of the shock.At some point, most participants (teachers) grew worried about the learner and grew hesitant about delivering the shocks. Whenever the subjects grew hesitant, the experimenter would urge them to go on with a series of the following commands:“Please continue.”“The experiment requires that you continue.”“It is absolutely essential that you continue.”“You have no other choice; you must go on.”The commands were used progressively every time the teacher voiced their objection about going on with the experiment.What would you do if you were the teacher?Would you go on to administer shock levels that were marked as extremely dangerous, even when the learner had complained of having a bad heart?HOW FAR CAN PEOPLE GO IN OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY?For Milgram, the measure of obedience was determined by the highest level of shock the subjects were willing to administer on the learners. Would the subjects deliver the maximum 450 volts of electric s hock?Before starting the experiment, this question was posed to a group of students from Yale University. The students predicted that only 3% or less of the participants would go ahead to deliver the maximum 450 volts.The students believed only a psychopath would deliver the maximum level of shock. Milgram’s colleagues also believed that only a few subjects would go past the “very strong” level of shock.Milgram also posed the question to 40 psychiatrists, and they all agreed that most subjects would stop the experiment once the learner started demanding to be freed. The results, however, were very different.All the 40 subjects who participated in the study obeyed the instructions of the experimenter and delivered the electric shocks up to 300 volts. 26 of the 40 participants went ahead to deliver the maximum 450 volts. That is a whopping 65% of the participants, compared to the 3% that was predicted before the experiment.Many of the subjects displayed signs of tension during t he experiment, which shows that delivering the shocks went against their personal conscience. Still, they obeyed the experimenter’s instructions all the way to the end.CONCLUSIONS FROM MILGRAM’S EXPERIMENTFollowing his experiments, Milgram came to the conclusion that in doing their jobs, ordinary people who do not have any malicious intent can become part of a terrible, destructive process.Milgram also noted that, even when it was patently clear that what they were doing led to destructive results, and that their actions went against the fundamental standards of morality, only a few people have what it takes to resist authority.According to Milgram, the subjects went ahead to perform the seemingly sadistic act, not because of their personalities, but because of the situation in which they found themselves. Milgram claimed that their high levels of obedience could have been brought about by factors such as:An authority figure (the experimenter) was physically present during the e xperiment. In some variations of the experiment, the experimenter left the room and left an ordinary member of the public (a confederate in ordinary clothing) in charge of the experiment. When the experimenter was not physically present in the room, the compliance levels dropped to 20%.The fact that the study was sponsored by and conducted at Yale University (an authoritative and trusted academic institution). In variations where the experiment was conducted in a set of run down offices rather than the university, compliance levels dropped to 47.5%.The subjects assumed that the experimenter was an expert.The experimenter assured the subjects that he would take responsibility in case anything happened to the learner during the experiment.The subjects were reassured that the shocks were only painful, but not dangerous to the health or wellbeing of the learner.Milgram’s experiments have received a lot of criticism due to the ethical nature  of his experiments, mostly due to the use of deception in the experiment and the use of human subjects. However, the experiments and their findings have become a psychology classic, showing the dangers of obedience.The experiment demonstrated that situational factors have a stronger influence on obedience than personality. Milgram’s experiments have been replicated severally with consistent results.In 2009, Santa Clara University professor Jerry M. Burger replicated Milgram’s experiments and found out that people would still go ahead and deliver what they believed to be painful electric shocks to a stranger when urged by an authoritative figure.In Burger’s experiment, the obedience levels were only slightly lower than those in Milgram’s original experiment from nearly 50 years earlier. A similar experiment was replicated in Poland with similarly shocking results. Authority is also listed as one of Robert Cialdini’s 6 principles of influence, alongside other principles like reciprocity, scarcity, liking, consistenc y and social proof.Perhaps the most shocking display of how far people can go in obedience to authority was a series of real life scam phone calls that have come to be known as the McDonald’s strip search hoax.Starting in 1992 and extending over a period of 12 years, a series of incidents were reported where a man claiming to be a police office would call rural restaurants and grocery stores and convince the managers that a female employee was suspected of theft.The “police officer” would then ask the managers to conduct a strip search on the employee and have the employee perform other bizarre acts. The managers believed they were acting on behalf of the police.The most famous of these incidents happened in a McDonald’s in Mount Washington, Kentucky. The caller asked the manager to perform a strip search on a female employee and even had a male employee brought into the room.Following the instructions of the caller, the manager even brought her fiancé to her office where t he female employee was being strip searched and had the fiancé assault the female employee sexually.While the man behind the calls was eventually apprehended and tried, the incidents show how people can go willing to perform acts that go against their better judgment in obedience to authority.HOW AUTHORITY IS USED TO PERSUADE IN DAILY LIFEYou might not be asked to administer electric shocks to an innocent stranger, and mysterious callers are not going to call you claiming to be police officers asking you to conduct strip searchers of your employees, but authority can still be used to persuade you to do things you might not ordinarily do or things that go against your better judgment.For instance, con artists rely on the principle of authority to swindle or defraud you. Most con artists are talented actors. The con artist pretends to be an authority on a certain subject, and because you are psychologically predisposed to trust and obey authority, you go along with their scams withou t questioning, only to later realize they have stolen from you.In the same way, marketers convince you to purchase their products and services by using the authority principle. They claim to be the leading authority in their fields or even hire actors to play as lawyers and doctors advising you to go for their products.One thing you need to realize about obedience to authority is that people are inclined to obey authority even when the authority is not real. For instance, in Milgram’s experiment, Milgram himself was not in the room during the experiment.Instead, he hired an actor to pretend to be the experimenter. By simply pretending to be an expert and donning a white lab coat, the actor was able to convince the subjects in the experiment that he was an authority figure, and majority of the subjects went along with the actor’s wishes.Therefore, before complying with instructions or requests by an authority figure, it is good to take a minute to ask yourself whether the person authority is genuine.According to Robert Cialdini, there are three symbols that people use to signify authority and therefore get you to comply with their wishes in the absence of genuine authority. The three symbols are:Titles: Regardless of the nature of titles, or whether they are authentic or not, titles make a person appear more competent and more authoritative. Therefore, when you notice a person throwing around titles such as Dr. CEO, Chairman, Prof, Founder, PhD, and so on when they want you to do something, you should treat it as red flag. They might be trying to play on the authority principle to get you to comply with them.Clothes: Clothes are also commonly used to signify authority. Many authoritative positions are usually associated with a certain kind of clothing â€" uniforms for police officers and fire fighters, religious outfits for religious leaders, executive suits for business executives, and so on. People can trigger your inclination to obey their requests by si mply donning clothes that imply authority, even the people themselves are not in a position of authority.For instance, in Milgram’s experiment, the experimenter (actor) signified authority by simply donning a white lab coat. Another research by Bickman (1974), also found that people were more likely to obey an actor dressed in a guard’s uniform than the same actor dressed as a milkman or in civilian clothing.Trappings: Authority can also be signified by the material goods and luxuries that are associated with positions of authority. Things such as nice cars, expensive suits, mansions, jewelry, and so on are associated with positions of power, and people might use them in order to signify authority, even when the authority is not authentic.HOW TO RESIST UNWANTED PRESSURE FROM AUTHORITYWe have seen that authority can be used to pressure us to do things that go against our personal conscience or better judgment, even when the authority is not genuine. Is it possible to resist these pressures?Fortunately, there are some actions you can take when you feel you are being pressured by authority to do something you do not want to. These include:Question the authority’s legitimacy: We have already seen above that people can imply authority using titles, clothes and trappings of authority, even when their authority is not genuine. If someone tries to use any of these symbols of authority to get you to do something, you should first find out whether their legitimacy is legitimate. For instance, if someone claiming to be an expert in something gives you some advice that does not make sense, don’t follow the advice blindly. Instead, do some research on your own and ascertain the legitimacy of what they are saying.Consider your own conscience: When someone asks you to do something, ask yourself if it is something you would do out of your own initiative. If not, it might be wise to stay away from whatever you are being asked to do.Don’t comply with instructions that make you feel uneasy, even when they appear to be minor: In Milgram’s experiment, the subjects started by delivering harmless amounts of electric shock, before moving on to levels that were dangerous for the subject. Similarly, in the McDonald’s strip search hoax, victims started by being asked to do something small, such as checking the suspect’s pockets, before it gradually escalated. Giving in to the smaller requests makes it easier for you to perform the huge and distractive acts. It can be hard to pull yourself from the authority’s grip, since doing so would mean that the initial actions you took were also wrong, thus creating cognitive dissonance.Look for support: If you are asked to perform actions that you feel are against fundamental standards of morality in a group, find someone who shares your concerns. It is easier to resist authority when there is more of you compared to when you’re dissenting alone. In one variation of Milgram’s experiments, the subject wa s placed into a three person teaching team where two of the teachers (confederates of the experimenter) refused to deliver shocks past a certain point. In this variation of the experiment, only 10% of the subjects went ahead to deliver the maximum shock.WRAPPING UPWhile obedience is a good thing and helps maintain order within society, blind obedience to authority can be catastrophic.The findings of Milgram’s experiments show that ordinary people with no malicious intent can become agents in a destructive process, not because of their personality, but because of the situation they find themselves in, and because authority has a stronger influence on obedience than personal conscience.With this in mind, it is important to be aware of how authority can be used to influence us and how to protect ourselves from the pressures of authority.The key takeaway is that, wherever you find yourself doing something because of the pressure from authority, you should take a step back and ask your self whether this is something you would actually do out of your own volition.

Causes and Effects of Chinese Mainland Student...

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Geoffrey Chaucers Use of Sarcasm to Describe His Characters

Geoffrey Chaucers use of sarcasm to describe his characters. Geoffrey Chaucer used sarcasm to describe his characters in The Canterbury Tales. It will point out details that are seen in the book that help explain how he used this sarcasm to prove a point and to teach life lessons sometimes. I will also point out how this sarcasm was aimed at telling the reader his point of view about how corrupt the Catholic Church was. Chaucer uses an abundance of sarcasm, as opposed to seriousness, to describe his characters in The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer did not begin working on The Canterbury Tales until he was in his early 40s. Chaucer took his narrative inspiration for his works from several sources but still remained an entirely†¦show more content†¦The sarcasm continues throughout the whole tale and is aimed at the corruption in the preacher. Chaucer wrote for and may have read his works aloud to a select audience of fellow courtiers and officials, which doubtless sometimes included members of the royal family. (Adams 2) So, as you see, he really didnt care who heard his opinions on the Church, even the royal family, and he was going to tell everybody exactly what he thought. Chaucer uses some sarcasm in The Man of Laws tale. Once upon a time a group of wise, sober, and honest traders lived in Syria. They exported spices, gold, satins, etc far and wide. It so happened that the leading traders of this prosperous group made up their minds to go to Rome for business purposes. (141) It came to pass, the masters of this sort decided to go to Rome for business or rather for sport. On their visit they stayed at the nearest inn. During their stay in Rome the Syrian traders came to know about the incredible beauty of Constance, the daughter of Roman Emperor Tiberius Constantinus. 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Using Argumentative Essay Topics about Slavery

Using Argumentative Essay Topics about Slavery The Principles of Argumentative Essay Topics about Slavery That You Will be Able to Benefit From Beginning Immediately The best thing about the civil war is it is fought for a fantastic cause like the abolishment of slavery. The idea of slavery is one which is not typical in cultures where the individuals are hunter-gathers. Some men too, became conscious of the bias. Key reasons or causes of civil war in the usa and the way that it came to a finish. As an example, something like George Washington was the first president of america, would not be a superior thesis for the reason that it states a reality. Furthermore, the ancestors of the slaves feel a whole lot of anger and resentment regardless of the passage of several years. Slavery is a word that brings about a whole lot of negative images to the majority of people. The conclusion of slavery isn't marked with one specific date, but using a lengthy procedure and chain of eve nts. The 30-Second Trick for Argumentative Essay Topics about Slavery Providing your thesis at the conclusion of your very first paragraph will help to guide your readers throughout the remainder of your essay. Writing an outline before beginning drafting your argumentative essay can help you to organize your information more effectively. Concluding an essay is the hardest portion of writing for lots of people, but nevertheless, it may make more sense if you comprehend the use of the conclusion. Quite simply, the politician who would like a vote, or the fake news sites which just need a click. You can't research something when you haven't decided what exactly you're searching for. Preferably, it must be something that you're an expert in. There's always time to return and fix sentences so as to bring a mature, astute voice to your essay. Persuasive or argumentative essays are intended to convince the audience of someone's viewpoint about a specific topic. Topics for an argumentative essay is a sensitive issue which is certain to generate plenty of emotion on each side. The topics for argumentative essays are frequently quite self-explanatory they're common understanding. There are a few great topics to take into account when deciding on a topic for your argumentative essay. You should also make certain to put in your argumentative essay Ask for clarification. You select the topic we'll supply you with high-quality academic help. After you have the topic, answer the question and support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. If you wish to choose nice and interesting American history essay topics, you should be conscious they ought to be specific and fairly narrow so that you're able to reflect on a particular problem or issue. Generally, argumentative essays require that you support the argument you're making using logic and support from your research. Most papers did not use the term in any respect. It is an impossible task to write a great history paper if you write about something you find boring and don't care about in any way. As you may believe that so as to create a fantastic original argumentative paper, you've got to devote all night studying, it is not accurate. Before you finish working on your essay, yo u will have to make sure you have cited all your sources utilizing the appropriate format. There are many steps that you should take to be able to compose an outstanding essay. You are able to learn to compose an argumentative essay by following some typical steps for writing an essay along with by doing some things which are needed for argumentative essays, including citing your sources. If you should create a descriptive essay within a broader writing prompt, you might want to find some insight about how to compose the other styles of essay writing. By abiding By the above-given hints you will readily realize an impactful argumentative essay. Just as with any other essay, you want to begin with an introduction. Remember your introduction should determine the principal idea of your argumentative essay and work as a preview to your essay. The very first and among the most important step to begin your essay is to select a topic. The Argumentative Essay Topics about Slavery Cover Up You might need to make distinct paragraphs or sections for the most crucial topics. It's possible for you to restate your argument, which is quite a common practice amongst essayists. Highlight and underline important passages so that you can readily arrive back to them. When you are finished with your essay, you must not just check it for spelling and grammatical errors, but nevertheless, it also has to be checked for logical fallacies.

A Day In The Life Of Athens Essay Example For Students

A Day In The Life Of Athens Essay Welcome to Athens, the marvel of Greece! The city which is the fountainhead of beauty, wisdom and knowledge. Even as your ship approaches the Athenian Harbor Piraeus, you can see the marble monuments of the Acropolis and the Shining golden edge of the spear, which belongs to the gigantic statue of the goddess Pallas Athene. This is one of the greatest works of the sculptor Phidias, and symbolizes both the power and justice of the violet city as its contemporaries called it. Athenian women had virtually no political rights of any kind and were controlled by men at nearly every stage of their lives. The most important duties for a city dwelling woman were to bear children preferably male and to run the household. Duties of a rural woman included some of the agricultural work: the harvesting of olives and fruit was their responsibility. Since men spent most of their time away from their houses, women dominated Athenian home life. The wife was in charge of raising the children, spinning, weaving and sewing the familys clothes. She supervised the daily running of the household. In a totally slave based economy, plentiful numbers of female slaves were available to cook, clean, and carry water from the fountain. Only in the poorest homes was the wife expected to carry out all these duties by herself. A male slave?s responsibilities were for the most part limited to being doorkeeper and tutor to the male children. Athenian women had very limited freedom outside the home. They could attend weddings, funerals, some religious festivals, and could visit female neighbors for brief periods of time. In their home, Athenian women were in charge! Their job was to run the house and to bear children. Most Athenian women did not do housework themselves. Most Athenian households had slaves. Female slaves cooked, cleaned, and worked i n the fields. Male slaves watched the door, to make sure no one came in when the man of the house was away, except for female neighbors, and acted as tutors to the young male children. Wives and daughters were not allowed to watch the Olympic Games as the participants in the games did not wear clothes. Chariot racing was the only game women could win, and only then if they owned the horse. If that horse won, they received the prize. . Women spent much of their time in the courtyard of the house, the one place where they could regularly enjoy fresh air. Athenian cooking equipment was small and light and could easily be set up there. In sunny weather, women sat in the roofed over areas of the courtyard, for the ideal in female beauty was a pale complexion. Women?s clothes underwent relatively few changes in style. Greek clothing was very simple. Men and women wore linen in the summer and wool in the winter. The ancient Greeks could buy cloth and clothes in the agora, the marketplace, but that was expensive. Most families made their own clothes, which were simple tunics and warm cloaks, made of linen or wool, dyed a bright color, or bleached white. Clothes were made by the mother, her daughters, and female slaves. They were often decorated to represent the city-state in which they lived. The two most commonly worn garments were the chiton or tunic and the himation or cloak. The chiton came in two styles. Its earlier Doric version, preferred by Athenian women until the end of the 6th century BC, was called the peplos and was made of wool. Cut into a simple rectangle measuring half again the height of the person wearing it, it was folded over, wrapped around the body, and pinned at the shoulders and side. It was sleeveless, with large arm openings. Expensive versions were decorated with elaborate woven figures or designs. The Ionian chiton was made of linen that fell into more elaborate vertical folds than its heavier wool counterpart. The sides were sewn up to create a long cylinder, which was then caught, by a girdle or cord at the waist. Short sleeves were added to the sides. .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b , .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b .postImageUrl , .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b , .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b:hover , .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b:visited , .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b:active { border:0!important; } .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b:active , .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udaf946ccb9cc363c547dd0c4628d447b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tornados EssayAthenian houses, in the 6th and 5th century B.C., were made up of two or three rooms, built around an open air courtyard, built of stone, wood, or clay bricks. Larger homes might also have a kitchen, a room for bathing, a mens dining room, and perhaps a womans sitting area. Much of ancient Athenian family life centered around the courtyard. The ancient Athenians loved stories and fables. One favorite family activity was to gather in the courtyard to hear these stories, told by the mother or father. In their courtyard, Greek women might relax, chat, and sew. Most meals were enjoyed in the courtyard. Greek cooking equipment was small and light and could easily be set up there. Along the coastline, the soil was not very fertile, but the ancient Greeks used systems of irrigation and crop rotation to help solve that problem. They grew olives, grapes, and figs. They kept goats, for milk and cheese. In the plains, where the soil was richer, they also grew wheat to make bread. Fish, seafood, and homemade wine were very popular food items. In some of the larger Greek city-states, meat could be purchased in cook shops. Meat was rarely eaten, and was used mostly for religious sacrifices. In ancient Athens, the purpose of education was to produce citizens trained in the arts, to prepare citizens for both peace and war. Girls were n ot educated at school, but many learned to read and write at home, in the comfort of their courtyard. Until age 6 or 7, boys were taught at home by their mother or by a male slave. From age 6 to 14, they went to a neighborhood primary school or to a private school. Books were very expensive and rare, so subjects were read out-loud, and the boys had to memorize everything. To help them learn, they used writing tablets and rulers. In primary school, they had to learn two important things the words of Homer, a famous Greek epic poet, and how to play the lyre, a musical instrument. Their teacher, who was always a man, could choose what additional subjects he wanted to teach. He might choose to teach drama, public speaking, government, art, reading, writing, math, and another favorite ancient Greek instrument the flute. Following that, boys attended a higher school for four more years. When they turned 18, they entered military school for two additional years. At age 20, they graduated. Athens! Probably no other place has seen such a constellation of geniuses in so many fields of human endeavor. It was the Greeks who invented politics, science, philosophy, theater, and sports as distinct and meaningful human pursuits. And in Athens, all of these, together with poetry, art, and music reached their creative peaks. The cradle of democracy, Athens remains in many respects the model of fair governmentHistory Essays

Study Guide Essay Example For Students

Study Guide Essay The artist depicted figures Within settings that demonstrate he use of atmospheric perspective. What techniques did Italian Baroque artist, Aggravating, use in The Conversion of Saint Paul Aggravations intense level of realism was hardly appreciated by his peers. This artist shows everything, from dirty fingernails, to the dirty bottoms of feet, to the bruises and worm holes on apples and the holes in pierced ears. What techniques did Spanish Baroque artist, Diego Velazquez, use in Lass Manias. Vela ©squeeze involves the viewer by creating a convincing space and eye contact with the subjects in the matting. Description of Landscape with the Burial of Pocono by French Baroque artist Nicolas Poisson, Poisson arranges an idealized landscape with all to the elements carefully constructed. Description to Elevation to the Cross by Baroque artist Peter Paul Rueben of the Netherlands. The color palette and contrast in light and dark are subtle and subdued How can you describe the techniques and style of Baroque artist Rembrandt of the Netherlands in his alternates? Eave outlines Description to French artist Jean-Baptists-Simenon Chagrin_ his genre paintings which depict kitchen maids, children, and domestic activities. Carefully balanced composition, soft diffusion of light, and granular impasto characterize his work. Description of Dutch Baroque artist Vermeer. Vermeer was a moderately successful provincial genre painter in his lifetime. He seems never to hue been particularly w ealthy, leaving his Wife and children in debt at his death, perhaps because he produced relatively few paintings. We will write a custom essay on Study Guide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Description Of French artist Jacques-Louis Davits Oath Of the Horntail. David succeeded in ennobling these passions and transforming these virtues into something sublime. Chronicle and Poisson had already used this same subject and treated it as a sentimental and aristocratic game. How was Neoclassical architect Thomas Jefferson inspired by Classical art when planning his plantation home, Monticello? He used a similar portico, columns, and dome. French artist Eugene Deltoid incorporated what Romantic conventions in Liberty Leading the People? They avoided and turned away from rational hinging and reasoning and depicted emotion and drama. Description of Spanish Romantic artist Francisco Soys The Third of May, 1808 . In the work. Soya sought to commemorate Spanish resistance to Napoleons armies during the occupation of 1808 in the peninsular War. Similarities and differences of Neoclassical artist Davits Oath of the Horntail and the Romantic artist Dielectrics Liberty Leading the People. David used smooth brushstrokes to enhance the lifelike quality of the figures, Delicacies used expressive brushstrokes to create drama.

Why Teachers Need Plot, Emotion and Story

Why Teachers Need Plot, Emotion and Story Why Teachers Need Plot, Emotion and Story Why Teachers Need Plot, Emotion and Story By Michael Students like stories. Teachers know that stories keep their interest. But plot, emotion, character, conflict and theme the tools of a fiction writer can be power tools for educators as well. Having an attitude in class Learning theorists have taught that students learn when they feel the need to; that in a sense, they create their own learning. Because emotion and character come from who we are, a lesson with a story motivates students to learn. When a problem is part of a story when it involves people finding a solution feels more urgent. When a California textbook talks about California earthquakes, California students pay attention. When two geological plates slip past each other and the earth quakes under the ocean, thats interesting to some students. But when it causes a tsunami and destroys peoples homes, that introduces conflict, plot, and emotion. Students remember information better in a story form. It helps me remember that Napoleons 1812 invasion of Russia was unsuccessful when I imagine how he must have felt afterwards. For one thing, he must have felt cold which helps me remember the invasion ended in winter. Even math teachers need plot, emotion, and story. Children can understand a word problem better when there is a story line to it. I may not remember the exact answer to a mathematical word problem about John preparing dinner in the kitchen, but I might remember or estimate whether John ends up with too much or too little. Will John get his fill with two cups of food, or must he squeeze by on only half a cup? When the plot (and a hungry boy) depend on the answer, children are more likely to want to understand it. The story makes the problem more interesting to the student. If the teacher or textbook takes no attitude toward the subject, students may not bother to take one either, or even pay any attention. The lecturer ends up sounding like a washing machine, and students can tell he or she is probably not trying very hard. Using emotion to get into college I remember new vocabulary words because I categorize them according to how they make me feel. I may not know the exact definition of equanimity but I know its a happy word. Im not sure I can define opprobrium either, but I know its not a happy word. I didnt learn either word from a dictionary but from my reading, where I have gathered their general meaning by repeatedly seeing them either in happy or unhappy contexts. This technique of finding emotion is at the center of the strategy I teach for taking standardized college entrance exams such as the SAT. It works because many verbal test questions are little stories, with plot and emotion. 14. Though many Americans in late 1864 viewed Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation with opprobrium, they greeted the capture of Atlanta with _______________. a. indifference b. elation c. derision d. trepidation As long as I have the feeling that opprobrium is not a happy word, I can answer that question correctly even if I hardly understand anything else. I dont have to know the history of the American Civil War, the role of President Abraham Lincoln, what the Emancipation Proclamation was, or even what, who, or where Atlanta is. I just need to imagine a crowd of Americans in 1864 hearing the latest news. The key to understanding this class of question is the conjunctive adverb though, which always tells us that the second clause carries a different emotion than the first clause. Now I know that the answer in the second clause must be a happy word, because the first clause has an unhappy word. So to answer the question correctly, I simply need to choose the happy word from the list. Again, I dont need to be able to define any of the words in the list, only to recognize whether they are happy words or not. To make the process simple, I mentally translate the question into: Though the first thingamabob was [not happy], the second thingamabob was __________. a. not happy b. happy c. not happy d. not happy I could use the same simplification technique with the conjunction but, as in The first thingamabob was [attractive, safe, whatever], but the second thingamabob was [the opposite]. The construction not only but tells us the opposite of though, that the second clause is giving us more of the same emotion as in the first clause: Not only was the thingamabob [useful], but it was [very useful, essential]. I use the slang word thingamabob to mean that it doesnt even matter what the thing actually is. What matters is the emotion in the clauses. It may sound like a vague technique, but by using it, I have achieved almost perfect scores on similar test sections in the PSAT, SAT, and GRE. Why tell stories? History is one of my favorite subjects. Even in elementary school, I would read ahead in my history book it had stories, after all. But at an earlier point in my life, I didnt appreciate history. History can be boring when teachers dont relate facts to human nature. I remember asking a teacher why we needed to study it. I wondered why we needed to learn about events that happened to other people long ago. My teacher explained that the stories of others can help us when were in similar situations. I read about a doctor who never expected to use what he had learned in his History of Medicine class, until he found himself in a prison camp without modern tools and treatments. In times of prosperity, we can draw lessons from other prosperous societies. When hard times come, its useful to know how other generations weathered hard times before us. A story is not just a way to make a lesson more interesting. A story can be the lesson itself. In December 1948, Israeli troops found the main road blocked to the central Egyptian garrison in the Negev desert. But Israeli general Yigael Yadin, an archaeologist by training, knew where a second road was. It had been abandoned thousands of years before, but with a little work, his troops made it through because their general knew old stories. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Awoken or Awakened?50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases

HCI Design Project Usability Evaluation Criteria Research Paper

HCI Design Project Usability Evaluation Criteria - Research Paper Example Several criteria have been established for evaluating the usability of a user interface design in the current design paradigms. For purposes of this evaluation we shall focus on the heuristic evaluation and usability testing criteria that has been supported by several authors in the field of user interface design (Madan & Dubey, 2012). Jacob Nielsen is considered the father of Heuristic Evaluation criteria. He developed a set of heuristics referred to as Jacob Nielsen’s heuristics that are used for user interface design and evaluation to date (Inostroza, Rusu, Roncagliolo, Jimenez & Rusu, 2012). According to Nielsen, the main goal of the heuristic evaluation criteria is to identify the problems that are associated with the design of a user interface. He developed the criteria based on his experience as a long serving consultant of usability engineering (Inostroza et al, 2012). Heuristics are common evaluation techniques in the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) that is mainly conducted in the context of typical tasks that are performed by users. The designer obtains feedback from the users regarding the compatibility of the interface with their intended use and the performance in meeting their needs (Madan & Dubey, 2012). In a study carried out to determine usability of the Bogazici University Industrial Engineering website interface, heuristic evaluation was employed for evaluation of the usability of the user interface. To accomplish this task several scenarios were created for usability testing, user groups were determined based on their computing knowledge and skills. Their performance was then evaluated based on task completion success, time spent on the task, rate of accomplishment or quittance.

Data Communications Bluetooth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data Communications Bluetooth - Essay Example Therefore, the low transmission rate has always been a serious issue in wireless technologies and especially in case of Bluetooth it has posed serious concerns for communication scientists. However, the advancements in the areas of signal quality and strength, compression algorithms and wireless technologies have resulted in faster communications and popularity of wireless communications generally and Bluetooth technology in particular. Symmetric vs. Asymmetric & Speed There are basically two types of digital communication in Bluetooth technology; asymmetric and symmetric. In asymmetric communication, only one device transmits at a given time, whilst in symmetric communication both Bluetooth devices are transmitting information simultaneously. The technology offers different bit rates for both types of transmission. In asymmetric communication the bit rate is slightly more than 2178.1 kb/s using the Bluetooth standard 2.0, which was introduced in 2004. Symmetric communication reduces this rate to approximately 1306.9 kb/s (Huang & Larry, 2007). However, these transmission rates are not available in practical scenarios where wireless communication is affected by the distance and obstruction between communicating devices, noise in the environment, protocols being used and many other factors. The Bluetooth 2.0 Standard Bluetooth technology has considerably advanced since the introduction of 2.0 standards in 2004. Now, it is a much more reliable and robust wireless technology. â€Å"Bluetooth uses a standard 2.4 GHz frequency so that all Bluetooth-enabled devices will be compatible with each other. The only drawback of Bluetooth is that, because of its high frequency, its range is limited to 30 feet.† (Techterms,... Historically, â€Å"The word "Bluetooth" is taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Bluetooth.† The exploratory work on Bluetooth technology was initiated by mobile phone company Ericsson in 1994. Owing to its ease of use, security, availability and affordability Bluetooth technology has gained rapid fame among hardware manufacturers and the masses. The technology has now become almost a default feature in all hardware devices that supports digital communications, like laptops, PDAs, mobile phones, computer networks, etc. The major benefits offered by Bluetooth technology include: short range radio wave, inexpensiveness, availability, ease of use and configuration, high speed, multiple communication channels and security mechanisms. Sobh observes, â€Å"Bluetooth is a low cost and short range, and low power radio technology.† These benefits make the technology attractive for both personal and commercial uses, like direct and personal marketing and advertising in an area with high footfall or shopping plaza. Amor declares: â€Å"Future aspirations for Bluetooth are unstoppable because of the acceptance it has received from many big companies.† Bluetooth offers easy bridging among multiple hardware technologies and can offer quality solutions for a high-tech, fast moving world.

An Overview of Existentialism Theory

An Overview of Existentialism Theory In a clearer sense Existentialism is a 20th century philosophy that is examined the idea of existence and of the way people found themselves existing in the world. The idea is that people as individuals exist first and then each person spends their existence varying their understanding of that their lifes nature or essence was meant to be. In a simpler term, existentialism is a philosophical thinking that a person might experience when worried with finding their self and what the meaning of life may be through, life choices, free will, and the undertaking of personal responsibility. The principle is that we as humans are searching to discover who and what we are throughout life, as we make choices based on experiences, attitude, and sometimes beliefs. What is more individual choices becoming distinctive without the need of a detached form of truth. An existentialist might consider that a person ought to be required to decide and be accountable for their own existence without the assistance of other things such as laws, cultural rules, or rituals. Existentialism takes thought of the basic notions: Human free will Human nature is chosen through life choices A person is best when struggling against their individual nature, fighting for life Decisions are not without stress and consequences There are things that are not rational Personal responsibility and discipline is crucial Society is unnatural and its traditional religious and secular rules are arbitrary Worldly desire is futile Existentialism can mostly be described in a multiplicity of perceptions and really there cant be one given answer as to what it really is, but still it does not embrace any of the idea: wealth, pleasure, or honor make the good life social values and structure control the individual accept what is and that is enough in life science can and will make everything better people are basically good but ruined by society or external forces I want my way, now! or It is not my fault! mentality (All About, n.d.) There is a varied diversity of philosophical thinking, religious beliefs, and political ideas that make up what existentialism is, so there is no general agreement in a subjective set of beliefs and ideals. Since beliefs vary, each gets that the individuals best freedom is whats important for people within a society. Existentialisms Influence on Humanity Existentialistic beliefs came at a time where in society there was a sense of hopelessness following World War II and the Great Depression. There was an essence of confidence in people whose life that was devastated by events of World War I and its tragedies. This depression had been voiced by existential philosophers such as Kierkegaard, Dostoyevsky, Nietzsche and Sartre well in to the 70s and has remained on to this day as a common way of thoughtfulness and reasoning. With freedom to decide ones desired belief and lifestyle, an existentialist could a very of things from being a religious moralist, agnostic relativist, or an amoral atheist. With Kierkegaard being a religious philosopher, Sartre an atheist and Nietzsche an anti-Christian. Being credited for their workings and literatures on existentialism. With Sartre being noticed for taking the philosophy to global attention in the 20th century era. With a philosophy work based on a lecture called Existentialism is a Humanism he gave in Paris, 1945. Then a well-liked starting point for debates on Existentialist views, his work has been criticized by some philosophers. Even Sartre later disapproved of some of the views he stated and had regression over its publication. Each basically agrees that human life cannot be fully complete and completely pleasing since due to misery and past or current suffering that occurred when reflecting on ones lack of power, control and perfection over their lives. While they did approve on that life is not always satisfying, it nevertheless has a meaning. The hunt and journey one takes for find their true self and true personal meaning in life. The arbitrary act when someone or society attempts to insist or demand that their rules or beliefs are to be closely accepted and observed. Existentialists trusted that this destroyed individuality and makes a person become what the people in power desired, (similar to Michel Foucault on docile bodies) thus dehumanizing them and reducing them to being an object. A persons decision is the important factor when taking into account what is to be trusted rather than religious or cultural rules. References All About (n.d.). Existentialism. [online] Available at: http://www.allaboutphilosophy.org/existentialism.htm [Accessed 10 Jan. 2017]. Burnham, D. and Papandreopoulos, G. (n.d.). Existentialism. [online] Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available at: http://www.iep.utm.edu/existent/ [Accessed 10 Jan. 2017]. CrashCourse, (2016). Existentialism: Crash Course Philosophy #16. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaDvRdLMkHs [Accessed 9 Jan. 2017]. Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and Punish. 1st ed. New York: Vintage Books. Sartre, J. (1948). Existentialism and Humanism. 1st ed. London: Methuen. Slow cinema is a cinematography style which stems from the artist film genre and which involves conveying a sense of a designed slowness to its viewer. Films in this genre often involves a lot of resistance to the use of movement and sometimes emotions, the absence of causality and focus on realism, such as, silent in a car. (ÇaÄÅ ¸layan, 2014) This affect is normally achieved through the practice of using long takes, minimalist acting, slow or inexistent movements of the camera, and sparse editing along with unconventional music. Slow cinema came from the slow movement which encouraged a social change toward slowing down ones life pace. It apparently began in the year 1986 with Carlo Petrinis protest against an opening of a McDonalds in Rome. This eventually sparked the creation of what was called the slow food movement. And over time, this had established into sub cultures in other areas, like slow cities, slow fashion and of course slow cinema. The slow moniker has successively been related to a range of activities and parts of culture, especially in a world that now release on things being so fast, such as action movies and fast food. I happened to then look for books and even thesiss relating to slow cinema, being delighted to read The Multisensory Film Experience a book that argues that it is the experience one feels from the viewing of film that is inherently multisensory and not the medium, contained a great deal of significances to materials and elements that is also appropriate for use in Slow Cinema, or that comes specially from slow films. The book even discusses Slow Cinema, which hadnt shocked me at all. With the help of its supporting video so to help get a better understanding of how these techniques would work, it claims that the multisensory experience in viewing a film can be felt mainly in ones with little to no dialogue. Films which have permitted time for its viewers experience and films which are often seriously concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty in its cinematics be in colourful landscapes or thoughtfulness of subject framing. That is not to say that other genres of films creat ed dont create or give this experience. It is simply more challenging to identify with blockbuster styled action movie as multisensory experience rather than as a product which uses image and sound extremely, nevertheless that doesnt mean it isnt there. Particularly, Antunes states that By using non-verbal communication and the senses, these films capture the interest of various audiences. The experiential appeal of these films is universal. (Antunes, 2016:7). The point that it is the experiential aspect is universal describes to me why there seems to be a relatively sizable group of people fascinated by slow cinema based films, and when asked why they are attracted to it, it seems that they may all feel the same way. Surely to different degrees, nonetheless its constantly about the individuals own experiential characteristic towards the films, not about how they feel towards the actress looks, or how staggering the use of movie cuts occurred. There is a feeling that lies within these individuals own identity in a way, who appreciate slow cinema, and I believe that me reading Antunes book is a very good start to discovering this feeling, the same way with discovering the feeling relating to Existentialism. Although the video above isnt a fair comparison it is to gain an understanding of the major scenes of slow cinema verses Hollywood blockbusters might entail. Different genres give a different experience especially when it comes to the use of cinematic framing and even acting. The viewers are there to experience the film in a different light. To me the experience you acquire from viewing slow cinema is subjective and generally individual; so, I cant prove anything or write a neutral scientific review backed up with facts I can only show you the style and methods it uses in hope that you can experience it in a similar way to me. But film viewing isnt fact, its experience. It always has been and it will always will be, be it that were discussing films of from the popular mainstream releases or to niche art house cinema. References Antunes, L. (2016). The Multisensory Film Experience. 1st ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Antunes, L. (2016). The Multisensory Film Experience: A Cognitive Model of Experiential Film Aesthetics (Luis R. Antunes, 2016, Intellect Books). Available at: https://vimeo.com/166639673 [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Alayan, O. (2014). SCREENING BOREDOM: The History and Aesthetics of Slow Cinema. Ph.D. University of Kent. JoBlo Movie Trailers, (2014). Night Moves Official Movie Clip #1 (2014) Jesse Eisenberg, Dakota Fanning HD. [image] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zU96c-uEWxc [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Keene, S. (2015). Slow Cinema vs Hollywood. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-YTt8zfCOw [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Existentialism being a catch-all word used for those philosophers who consider the nature of the human condition as the crucial philosophical problem and who share the opinion that this problem is best tackled through what is called ontology. With existentialism being a philosophical theory that a person is an unrestricted being who have power over their own choices and actions. Existentialists believe that people should not limit their individuals life or actions and that limitations constrain a persons free-will and the growth of that persons real potential. To get a better understanding existentialism, it was important for me to look into examples of existential situations, activities and questions. It was also fun to look into how the media industry use of this theory is done and which movies and directors were famous for their use of existentialism. Common Existential Actions Taking charge for your own actions. Deciding your career based on what you think is the most significant way to spend your future. Living your life without concern on following all if any of commonly-held religious or social beliefs Trusting in yourself that as educator you are offering a positive and critical role in the growing of your students. And more extreme behaviors such as releasing all of your belongings and going on some sort of self-journey. Existential Questions To get an understanding of how existentialism view life, here are instances where existential questions may come into play: Who am I? What is my real purpose or identity? What is the meaning of life? What is the meaning of existence? What is my greater purpose? What is death? And what happens when to a person when they die? Is there a god? And if there is a god, what is the nature of god? Existential Crisis Examples An existential crisis is when a major changes relating to life or tragedy happens and causes us to start questioning our real identity. Such as: Being in education you entire life and have become so used to the routine however when youve come towards the end you not entirely sure which path you want to continue with. You fall in love and want to live with that person forever. Then you discover that person does not feel the same way. You identify yourself as an athlete and have a promising career. Then you have a severe injury and your career is over. At that point, you would have an existential crisis because you have defined yourself as an athlete. If you are raised to believe that God rewards good people and punishes bad people, you may have a problem coping with injustice or cruel acts inflicted by bad people on good people. You see yourself as a parent so when the children leave the home, you are faced with a crisis in how you perceive yourself. You are a soldier and you have been told that you will be considered a hero by people you are trying to help. Then you find out that they hate you. Existentialism x Media Monty Python dealt with existentialism in their 1983 film Monty Pythons The Meaning of Life Alice in Wonderland Alice wishes she hadnt come there but it was her decision and no one elses. In Natasha Bedingfields song, Unwritten where in the lyrics she explain that no one else can take the blame since it was a person decision out of their own free will to do it. Feel the rain on your skin, No one else can feel it for you, Only you can let it inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ No one else, no one else In the movie Stranger than Fiction the character Professor Hilbert implies that Harold can do whatever pleases him, even if it just means eating nothing but pancakes. This is to point out that he should go out and live his life. The movie I Heart Huckabees. In this movie a character uses a blanket to represent the universe and that each part of the blanket is a person or thing. Theatre of the Absurd has roots in existentialism as shown in Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett, where characters discuss their lives while waiting for Godot. In Jean-Paul Sartres No Exit , people are left in a room and they think it is hell but no one arrives to torture them. They soon see that they really there to torment one another but instead they converse about each others lives. Directors of Existentialist Films Some movie directors are well-known for their existentialist films such as: Christopher Nolan Stanley Kubrick Woody Allen Wes Anderson Jean-Luc Godard Charlie Kaufman These are all different examples that can help gain a better understanding of what existentialism is and how it has been used in the media, both in film and music, also who is known for using elements of this theory in the process of their creative process. References: Burnham, D. and Papandreopoulos, G. (n.d.). Existentialism. [online] Iep.utm.edu. Available at: http://www.iep.utm.edu/existent/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. CrashCourse, (2016). Existentialism: Crash Course Philosophy #16. [image] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaDvRdLMkHs [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. YourDictionary. (n.d.). Examples of Existentialism. [online] Available at: http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-existentialism.html [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. With my idea following the styling of slow cinema, its meaning even more importance is put on the use of cinematic and well as how the characters are framed in order for the viewers to get the emotions and feelings of the character without having to use dialog, so i began researching how best to do this has I have loved the work of Tom Campbell. There are many different techniques to express emotions on screen, from obviously expressing it with dialog to tapping into the use psychological effects related to colour. But framing shots in specific ways can also be really effective at communicating a characters emotional and mental state. Though it might seem like a bit of a puzzling idea, of communicating feelings through visuals however it is relatively straightforward. There are a number of elements in filmmaking that do the job, and filmmakers, like Steve McQueen, Frank Darabont and Alfonso Cuarà ³n combined them to produce some of the most effectively moving and emotional scenes in cinematics. From watching the video by Simon Cade DSLRguide, one of the main pieces of information that was just briefly touched upon, is that storytelling with the use of cinematography is basically the art of visually portraying some sort of change. If your characters happen to go through an important change during the script, let your cinematographic selections reveal that change. Lets say that a character starts out, terrified, shy or timid of the world around him. You could start off with framings that minimizes the characters size while accentuating and increasing the situation around him. The use of Wide-angled lenses are great for this purpose as they capture more of whats in view. Then, as the narrative develops and the character becomes self-confident, your framings and lens choice should begin to develop with that change. Instead of using wide-angles, you choose a longer focal length that separate the character from their foreground and background, and frame them so that they are equa l or even larger in the frame as the other characters around them. The other important insight from watching this video shows is that with cinematography, none of these rules are set in stone. As weve seen from many other experimental pieces and even TV shows, rules are meant to be broken, and in fact, many filmmakers overlooked these conventions in their own work such as cinematographer Tom Campbell on Mr. Robot. The essential thing is that you make knowledgeable use of cinematic choices based on whats happening in the story and what your character is undergoing emotionally. James Manning discusses a bit on how the producers of the award-winning TV show Mr. Robot uses framing, namely quadrant framing, to communicate the social anxiety and distrust experienced by its protagonist, and we me taking inspiration from the show on how to frame my characters to help show theyre emotions on scene without having to using dialog. As we have seen there are numerous different recognised concepts about composition and storytelling with just cinematics, that looks to enlighten us on how a characters placing within a frame affects the audiences understanding of the scene. The general view of the Rule of Thirds states the frame is split into horizontal and vertical guide lines that create a multi-quadrant grid, the crossings of them then serves as the focal point for anything of significant to the image such as faces and objects. There are many ways to play around with this perception such as placing the things of main importance at a crossing, but you can also communicate different things by placing your subject inside a certain quadrant. An example by, how the creators placing Elliot in the bottom left quadrant gives the feeling of how he is isolated, and even untrusting of what is around him. The reason for this stems from the relationship between positive space and negative space with negative space being the space that surrounds a subject, while positive space is usually the subject itself. If a character, which is conventionally the focal point of the framing, simply takes a small portion of the frame, the negative space enhances and becomes much more noticeable and even consuming, which can result in provoking emotions such as isolation, loneliness, suspicion, distrust and powerlessness. References CineFix, (2016). 3 Brilliant Moments in the Visuals of Emotion. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDFTFFA0LtE [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017]. DSLRguide, (2015). Composition + Framing Storytelling with Cinematography. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfIanZimZR8 [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017]. Manning, J. (2016). Mr Robot: Unconventional Framing (Video Essay). Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Se6ftrRd5KM [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017].

Vietnam Essay -- essays research papers

Vietnam War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War was truly one of the most uncommon wars ever fought. This conflict was so hostile and ironic, that the official beginning and end could never be identified, or pinpointed. Likewise, the enemies and the allies looked exactly alike. This turmoil made everyone in the war confused, because â€Å"anyone† could be a friend by day, and foe by night. Additionally, what made the war so difficult was the tactics used by many soldiers. These tactics were called â€Å"Guerrilla Warfare,† which consisted of the simple process of â€Å"hide, shoot, and run.† Surprisingly, this fighting technique matched the skills of many of the best-trained soldiers from the opposite side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War fought between the communist North Vietnam, and the non-communist South Vietnam was supported by the United States. The main objective of the war was to contain the leader. Ho Chi Minh, was the leader of the â€Å"league for the independence of Vietnam,† generally known as the Viet Minh. The league was organized in 1941 as a â€Å"nationalistic party†; their goal was to seek Vietnamese independence from France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  South Vietnam did not have the resources of modern military technology; therefore, the capacity of depending on themselves, was minimum. The United States were allied with South Vietnam, and they made a massive deployment, that begun in the spring of 1965. The deployment consisted of and initial wave of... Vietnam Essay -- essays research papers Vietnam War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War was truly one of the most uncommon wars ever fought. This conflict was so hostile and ironic, that the official beginning and end could never be identified, or pinpointed. Likewise, the enemies and the allies looked exactly alike. This turmoil made everyone in the war confused, because â€Å"anyone† could be a friend by day, and foe by night. Additionally, what made the war so difficult was the tactics used by many soldiers. These tactics were called â€Å"Guerrilla Warfare,† which consisted of the simple process of â€Å"hide, shoot, and run.† Surprisingly, this fighting technique matched the skills of many of the best-trained soldiers from the opposite side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War fought between the communist North Vietnam, and the non-communist South Vietnam was supported by the United States. The main objective of the war was to contain the leader. Ho Chi Minh, was the leader of the â€Å"league for the independence of Vietnam,† generally known as the Viet Minh. The league was organized in 1941 as a â€Å"nationalistic party†; their goal was to seek Vietnamese independence from France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  South Vietnam did not have the resources of modern military technology; therefore, the capacity of depending on themselves, was minimum. The United States were allied with South Vietnam, and they made a massive deployment, that begun in the spring of 1965. The deployment consisted of and initial wave of...

Walmart in China

Tablet of Contents The Beginning of Walmart Logistic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Magic of the stripes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Walmart’s Cross Docking†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Downfall of Barcode System†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Power to the RIFD†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Walmart’s RFID Influence in China†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 The Chinese RFID investment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 Chinese market potential†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 The Beginning of Walmart LogisticWal-Mart as we all know it, it is an American multination corporation that operation in a largest chain discount stores in the world. Sam Walton, the successful business man from Arkansas began his retail store in 1940, worked at J. C. Penney and later on started a small retail chain store called â€Å"Ben Franklin†. It wasn’t till 1962; Mr. Walton opened the first Walmart store. In the beginning, Walton had his strategy set to low income families and offered a considerably lower cost than his competitors, the low price strategy allowed Walton to steer forward with his real goal to become the supply chain logistics giant.By 1987, Walton have led the store into a growing rampage, Walmart had 1,198 nationwide, sales in the 15. 9 billion and had 200,000 associates (Walmart, http://walmartstores. com/aboutus/7603. aspx, 2011), In the same year the company also became the largest private satellite net work in the country a nd implemented the first distribution monitoring system, it is a linked satellite system that offers two ways data , voice and one way video communication between Walmart’s driver and distribution center which increases inventory accuracy and ability to quickly restock store inventories (Wailgum, 2007).Magic of the stripes In addition to the satellite system, Walmart has guided the way to other ground-breaking technologies that had other retailers follow. In 1988, Walmart was the first retail company who used the barcode system as the universal labeling system (Walmart, http://walmartstores. com/aboutus/7603. aspx, 2011). The efficiently of the barcode system gave Walmart the capability to reduce store inventories and the cost of keeping items in warehouse.The barcode system also makes it possible for Walmart to record sales of each item for more accurate sales analysis, because the barcode system worked so well, 99 percent of Walmart stores adapted this technology(Walmart, h ttp://walmartstores. com/aboutus/7603. aspx, 2011). But it also created another problem for Walmart suppliers. One of the key pieces of the barcode system is the Universal Product Code (UPC), the UPC is a stamp with black and white stripes and numbers on the bottom that allows a barcode scanner to scan the product.Getting the UPC code isn’t as easy as print it on the box and ships it out to Walmart. First, Walmart requires all their potential suppliers to file an evaluation with Dun & Bradstreet for an evaluation of the company’s financial standing, second, buy a membership from Uniform Code Council's GS1 that cost at least $750 plus an annual fee that bases on the company’s sales plus cost of each UPC on the product (Washingtonpost, 2007).Base on the cost, if you are large company like PepsiCo or Johnson ; Johnson the fees are relatively small, but if you are a small mom and pop business the fees can eat up most of your sales revenue. However, Jon Lehman who wa s a Walmart Manager who managed six stores said during an interview with PBS. org(PBS. org, 2004) â€Å"you can track sales on specific items, specific weeks, specific days, specific hours of the day, when you sell merchandise the most. You can find out what size of toothpaste is your best seller, what times of the year you sell that toothpaste.You can track sales spikes during the year, during certain seasonal periods†. the benefit of the barcode system gives Walmart the leverage power to have all their suppliers include barcode in their products, which was the first time, a retailer have power over the supplier. Walmart’s Cross Docking In the retail race for survival, more and more retailers are finding ways to reduce inventory cost and transportation cost. Then in the 1980s, Walmart began to use a logistic technique call the â€Å"cross-docking†.This is a way for the finished goods to directly be pick up from a supplier’s manufacturing plant, and then transport the goods to the customers without storing it. The cross docking provide tremendous benefit, First, reduce handling and transportation cost, the product will not have to go to another storage location to be wait for pick up. Second, Cut product wait time, the product will spend less time in warehouse and more time on the road to deliver to the customer, it is especially important if the products are time sensitive, such as milk or produces.Walmart stores can decrease the financial lost from having to reduce price of the product because it is close to the expiration day. Third, product now have less chances to be damaged during shipping, in the old days, products often have to be transported though many different locations before it is shipped to the stores, the cross docking eliminates the needs of going to different distribution locations, as figure 1 shows, all products now will only go to a centralized sorting facility before it’s shipped to various Walmart store s.However, the most significant advantage of cross docking is the reduced warehousing, one of the cross docking main benefits is the ability to quickly move products, therefore, increase the turnaround time during warehousing. Walmart stores can carry more products and can stored more in the warehouse. Figure 1 Downfall of Barcode System The barcode system provided undeniable logistical benefit since Sam Walton started the company, but as time move forward and more supplies need to be move across warehouse floor; the time is up for a replacement. The technological constraints of the barcode system are speed, range and durability.The first major shortfall is that the barcode requires the line-of-sight technology(RFID-Journal, 2011), which means for the barcode to be read, there has to be a laser scanner within the line of sight for it to pick up the information in the barcode. According to International Logistics by Richard Stewart and Pierre David â€Å"Transportation is dependent on an infrastructure that allows the movement of goods†. Due to the line-of-sight constraint logisticians have to design the warehouse certain ways to allow barcode system to be read or introduce expensive human labors into the picture.Second, because it requires laser scanner to scan the products, only one item can be read at a time. Third, barcodes labels are vulnerable to daily wear and tear. Allow me to ask, have you experienced a time where you or the store cashier try to scan the barcode and you placed the barcode over the red scanner several times, but the scanner failed to pick up the barcode. That’s an example of damaged barcode. Due to the nature of barcode, once the widths of the black and white lines are damaged, it is impossible for the scanners to pick up.As a result of the limitations in barcode technology, Walmart implemented a new technology call RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) in its logistic system. Power to the RIFD In 2003(Webster, 2008), Walm art had started the preparation to integrate the RFID technology into its supply chain. The RFID united the improvements over barcode system in range, reading rate and durability into a single chip. It is a system of small electronic stickers that can instantly broadcast radio signal to the RFID receiver and consistently update its location.This way, logisticians can link between the digital and physical world without any human communication. The RFID had another advantage it’s able to read the data and know precisely what item it is and the expiration date on the item. For example, the RFID can tell Walmart which orange juices in which refrigerators are going to expire, so the employees can move the soon to expire orange juices in the front row. Walmart then required its 100 suppliers to integrate RFID technology in their packaging and hoping it will solve the issues where items are not ready on the selife. According to Ron Moser, RFID strategy leader at Walmart, Around 2 pe rcent of all lost sales are due to the simple fact a store has run out of an item, but 41 percent of the lost sales are due to inventory problem, If RFID can fix just 10 percent of that problem, then Wal-Mart will gain $287 million per year by avoiding lost sales. † Since 2007, Walmart has benefited a 30 percent reduction of out-of-stocks; reduction of excess inventory in the supply chain says Walmart CIO and Executive Vice President Rollin Ford(Walmart, Wal-Mart Continues RFID Technology Expansion, 2007). And If combine the numbers from Moser and Ford, that is a saving of 861 million a year, since the integration of RFID.The technology has proven itself as the divine money savior for Walmart’s logistic system. On top of that, Walmart has also pushed the RFID into one of their most profitable foreign market, China. Walmart’s RFID Influence in China In speaking of international logistics, if Walmart requires all their suppliers to include RFID chips, then they wil l also need to require international companies to do the same. Started in 2009(ChinaRetailNews. com, 2008), Walmart impacted the Chinese supply chain by forcing all Chinese suppliers to have RFID chips build into their products.Not only so, Walmart also created tougher standards on the Chinese suppliers which created a much stressful time for the Chinese manufactures to adapt. Going back to day one, the Walmart RFID movement started in January 2005 in a distribution center in Dallas says computerworld. com (Songini, 2006). At first, Walmart required about 100 of its suppliers in to have RFID chip installed, then in two years after that, in January 2007, 600 suppliers implemented the technology. Base on the historical review of the U. S. companies, it was easier for U. S. ompanies to put into practice of the RFID chip, upgrade the information system and warehousing technologies. On the other hand, most of the Chinese companies were still using human labors for their supply chain mana gement. It wasn’t that the Chinese manufactures didn’t want to upgrade to RFID. The technology infrastructure just wasn’t there. According the physorg. com, most of the companies in South China â€Å"Don’t understand and are not familiar with the technology† There was a number of problems that Walmart needed to solve before implementing the RFID idea into the mind of Chinese suppliers.First, at what level would it affect China? Civilian standards or government regulations or both? Second, how many of Chinese suppliers are capable of deploying the RFID technology; third, how many of them have heard of RIFD technology. The Chinese RFID investment Two of the very important market entry strategies that an international logistician ought to understand before entering a foreign market are the technology infrastructure and the characteristic of different levels of development. Does the Chinese have it what it takes to upgrade its Infrastructure?And does t he potential trade benefit outweigh cost? Fortunately, the Chinese government had a plan to expand its logistics infrastructure in 2007. The China State Radio Regulation Committee (SRRC) has approved the bandwidths needed to transmit RFID frequency in China, the two UHF bands 840. 25 to 844. 75 MHz and 920. 25 to 924. 75 MHz (Swedberg, 2007). The Chinese government’s intention of this approval is bring itself up to speed with rest of the world. According to Craig K. Harmon, President and CEO of Standards development organization â€Å"can be viewed as good news for U.S. and European companies. China's 920 to 925 MHz band overlaps the 902 to 928 MHz band used in the United States, so U. S. RFID tags will be readable by interrogators approved for use in China†. In other word, The Chinese government did not blindly upgrade its RFID infrastructure; it made sure the radio frequencies are compatible with foreign companies like Walmart. In other to support and keep up with re st of the world, the Chinese government is making an enormous amount of investments in the RFID market.Between 2009 and 2014, the Chinese market will have grown to $1. 4 billion in 2010, and by 2014, the RFID will reach $2. 4 billion, more than double the total form 2009, said by an iSuppli, a China market research firm. The RFID infrastructure is growing, and will dramatically develop to a mature stage that has the same level playing field with the United States. Chinese market potential Since the early 90s, the world has witnessed China’s huge growth economy and the potential to grow more, the logistics in China also have been growing along.Nevertheless, international logistics is a part of international business, the market, supply & demand, and GDP; those elements are the support beams of the logistics infrastructure. In addition, The Chinese and Walmart’s RFID infrastructures are depended on this growth. In 2010, the Chinese GDP growth was 10. 3 percent. In the sa me year, the Chinese domestic logistics grew to $15. 75 Trillion and will have 9% compound annual growth rate between 2011 to 2013, said by (Logistic Industry in China set for Tremendous Growth, 2011).On a general level, rapid market and GDP growth is a perfect business incubator for Walmart to accelerate the RFID adaption among Chinese suppliers. Conclusion The Logistics infrastructure is a key component for Walmart to penetrate Chinese market, in view of the fact that the country’s economy is export oriented. The RFID is one of the most important technologies for both Walmart and China to communicate both in the physical level and software level. But without the physical warehouse planning of Cross Docking, introducing the RFID can only win half of the battle.Ever since, Sam Walton created Walmart, moving products to customers have been the key development for the company, from human labor to barcode system and finally the RFID. With the pushing and help from Walmart, local Chinese manufactures and logistics companies are able to adapt this piece of technology and continue to compete with rest of the world. There are also noticeable evidences that the Chinese government is aware of the problem and taking action on, for example approving the RIFD spectrums. So far, the Chinese logistics information system that can support the RIFD is still smaller than the U.S. , even with that, Walmart should not back down in pushing the RFID technology to rest of the Chinese manufactures. We have to remember, what happen from the 100 supplies in the U. S. will happen to the Chinese suppliers. The adaption rate is slow and painful, but Walmart will get there. Works Cited China faces barriers in RFID adoption. (2005, 12 22). Retrieved 04 25, 2011, from www. physorg. com: http://www. physorg. com/news9312. html ChinaRetailNews. com. (2008, 11 06). Wal-Mart To Adopt Radio Frequency Identification On Chinese Mainland. Retrieved 04 26, 2011, from http://www. chinaretailnew s. om: http://www. chinaretailnews. com/2008/11/06/1730-wal-mart-to-adopt-radio-frequency-identification-on-chinese-mainland/ Geography, D. o. (2011). THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS. Retrieved 04 18, 2011, from Hofstra University: http://people. hofstra. edu/geotrans/eng/ch5en/conc5en/crossdocking. html Gu, V. (2011, 01 03). Press Release. Retrieved 05 01, 2011, from isuppli: http://www. isuppli. com/China-Electronics-Supply-Chain/News/Pages/Chinas-RFID-Market-Set-to-Double-by-2014. aspx Logistic Industry in China set for Tremendous Growth. (2011, 03 09). Retrieved 05 08, 2011, from whattech. com: