Club Drugs Essay - 986 Words

It’s 6 o’clock on a Saturday morning and while some teenagers are enjoying the extra hours of sleep, many are still bouncing around to the sounds of techno music. Thousands of teenagers and even some adults gather into clubs decorated with black lights, disco balls, and tons of smoke machines. Their hearts are pounding and their pulse is racing at the speed of light, all compliments of designer drugs known as club drugs (National Institute on Drug Abuse). Changing the molecular structure of an existing drug or drugs to create a new substance creates designer drugs (Kusinitz 151). The all night dance parties, known as raves, are about the wildest thing going from midnight till dawn, and often beyond. Just because these drugs may portray†¦show more content†¦Other effects are usually confusion, disorientation, insomnia, depression, panic attacks, anxiety, depersonalize user, perceptual disorders and hallucinations, and paranoia (Mass 16-17). The effects of this d rug can last three to six hours. Most dangers come from people over heating and dehydrating because of the huge strain on your heart (NIDA). Long term effects of this drug can include loss of sleep, kidney failure, and strokes (Kusinitz 153). Ecstasy is a combination of other illicit drugs. Because many different recipes are used to make Ecstasy, the risk of death and permanent brain damage are heightened when some substances are combined (NIDA). The bottom line with this drug is you never know what is in the $5-$20 pill you just bought, so the safest bet would be to do without it. The use of Ecstasy has led to more powerful drugs such as Ketamine, known on the streets as Special K, or K. Special K emerged as a recreational drug in the 1970’s and was known as Vitamin K in the underground club scene in the 1980’s (Kusinitz 44). It resurfaced in the 1990’s as Special K in the rave scene (45). Normally found in an injectable form, it is converted to powder and re-packaged into small ziplock bags or capsules (46). This powerful hallucinogen is generally snorted, and is occasionally sprinkled on tobacco or marijuana and smoked (NIDA). quot;Special K is usually combined with other drugs, suchShow MoreRelatedClub Drugs Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pagessounds of techno music. Thousands of teenagers and even some adults gather into clubs decorated with black lights, disco balls, and tons of smoke machines. Their hearts are pounding and their pulse is racing at the speed of light, all compliments of designer drugs known as club drugs (National Institu te on Drug Abuse). Changing the molecular structure of an existing drug or drugs to create a new substance creates designer drugs (Kusinitz 151). The all night dance parties, known as raves, are about theRead More Club Drugs and Teens Essay2233 Words   |  9 Pagesa common target of anti-drug campaigns and government advertisements. The goal of these campaigns is to make teens and young adults aware of the dangers associated with drug use. While these campaigns are generally effective, teens are still greatly tempted by the dangerous, exciting, and fast-paced world of club drugs. Despite the information they are constantly receiving from their teachers, parents, and government media, some teenagers will still adamantly pursue drugs in hopes of finding â€Å"a goodRead MoreCase Study : Club Drugs Addiction1474 Words   |  6 PagesAfterPartyChat: Club Drugs Addiction Beginning with discothà ¨que scene of the 1970s, the recreational and often psychedelic substances commonly known as â€Å"club drugs† maintained their prominence in later decades at nightclubs, concerts, and raves all across the United States. These substances gained their moniker because their use became commonplace in settings where users wanted to enhance their experiences, most frequently used at clubs with loud music, dramatic lights, and countless people dancingRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of The Case Of Banned Performance -enhancing Drug At The Club2014 Words   |  9 Pagesperformance -enhancing drug at the club, where he works. The two healthcare professionals involved in this case will be the physiotherapist and sports scientist. The essay will also discuss the rights and dignity of the players, principles of health care ethics and will propose a legal and defensible resolution for this situation, with the help of relevant code of ethics and professional conduct. †¢ Stakeholders and Healthcare Professionals Kamil as an employer of AFL club is a sports physiotherapistRead MoreOn Raves and Club Drugs1058 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we don’t have to worry about anything in our life, that we part of a family where everyone respects each other. That’s what made us feel different and being part of something that not many people could tell back in the days. Can’t deny that club drugs helped to achieve this feeling and it was a massive part of it as well. We were confused teenagers who desperately tried to find the way to make sense of this whole world. We wanted to choose our way of life against from a prescribed life whatRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Club Drugs1252 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Drug Free World, an estimated 208 million people use illicit drugs internationally. Some people take them at home or out with friends, but one of the main places drugs are common is on the dance floor. Club drugs have become increasingly prevalent in our culture and there seems to be no signs of stopping. With how easily these drugs seem to get into clubs the problem is becoming larger and larger. These substances, whether its smoked, swallowed, inhaled, or injected, are extremely dangerousRead MoreFight Club Analysis1678 Words   |  7 PagesDo you find yourself lost, searching for self-worth in modern Society? The Narrator in Chuck Palahniuk’s novel Fight Club struggles with insomnia due to his repetitive nine to five office -job. He longs to feel alive, thinking that purchasing materialistic objects and conforming to what modern society considers the norm will fill his void. Tyler Durden, The Narrators alter ego states, â€Å"the first step to eternal life is you have to die† (Palahniuk 11). His extreme statement represents that one mustRead MoreThe Issue Of Insider Outsider972 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiences and processes (e.g. White customers refer Black dancers as a gold digger if they asked for money directly; Black dancers always non-scheduled to perform in a more lucrative booth) that Black exotic dancers gone through within the exotic dance club environments, and is also a member of her researched group since she was a Black exotic dancer and familiarised with the sex worker movement prior to her research (Siobhan, 2010). For McClelland and Newell, their research on the influence on motheringRead MoreThe Fight Club By Chuck Palahniuk1309 Words   |  6 PagesSenior English: Fight Club Essay 8 September 2014 Violence as a Coping Method In the novel Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk, what it means to be alive is examined through violent underground boxing rings, featured in cities around the world. The story follows an unnamed narrator, who lives a monotonous yet well off life, and his alter ego, Tyler Durden, a more freethinking and violent character, as he explores himself and the essence of living through participating in a fight club. Growing from the narrator’sRead MoreInterpersonal1363 Words   |  6 PagesHunter Davis-Interpersonal Communication Fight Club Fight Club, a 1999 American film, is a brilliantly constructed film of escaping reality and dealing with pain in the famous art form of fighting. Director David Flincher adapted the film from the 1996 novel. Main actors, Brad Pitt as Tyler Durden and Edward Norton as the narrator, act excellently as they deal with their reality by celebrating violence in underground fight clubs. The narrator becomes involved in a relationship triangle between

Organizational Excellence And Change At Pepsico - 850 Words

PepsiCo 5 Unit 3: Assignment 1- PepsiCo Michelle Kinyungu GM504-01 Organizational Excellence and Change June 14,2016 Dr.: Barbara-Leigh Tonelli Introduction Open systems approach is a gave a rise to a general model can guide the diagnosis of entire an organization ( Harrison,2004, p.27) .Open systems are made of several components that will impact an organization during the diagnosis process. The two systems components that is directly association with PepsiCo are organizational processes and behavior and structure. PepsiCo organizational process and behavior lays within the Pepsi University is the area of job performance. PepsiCo?s women leadership is low in numbers. The gap analysis of PepsiCo is to work toward an action plan to increase real-world experience and women leadership. Content and Analysis Complexity leadership theory investigates the role of leadership in advancing those processes in organizations through which co-dependent actions among many individuals combine into a group endeavor (Lichtenstein, et al., 2006). Organizational behavior and processes can change over a course of time and so does management practices. PespiCo still uses the university for professional development which still uses classroom style of learning. PepsiCo has not adopted the complexity leadership theory in being able to co-exist with leaders because of organizational behavior and processes. For example, PepsiCo has a governance code of conduct and pre-Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Excellence And Change : Pepsico995 Words   |  4 Pages PepsiCo 2 Assignment 1: Focus Paper- PepsiCo Michelle Kinyungu GM504 Organizational Excellence and Change June 7, 2016 Professor (Name of Professor) Introduction The organization I have chosen to focus on is the PepsiCo. PepsiCo began in 1900?s and has currently merger with Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay. Pepsi-Cola was founded in 1902 by Caleb Davis Brandham, a pharmacist in New Bern, North Carolina. Frito-Lay was founded in 1932 by Charles Elmer Doolin.(Purdy,2015). PepsiCo is aRead MoreExecutive Officer : Pepsico Change Initiative1113 Words   |  5 PagesPAGE PepsiCo Change Initiative 6 Unit 4: Assignment Focus Paper PepsiCo Change Initiative Michelle Kinyungu GM504-01 Organizational Excellence and Change June 21, 2016 Dr. Barbara-Leigh Tonelli Introduction In today?s business world, whether it be a local or global organization there must be change in women?s leadership. The change in women?s leadership at PepsiCo is a positive initiative. Strategic management suggested that change in any organization is expected, changeRead MoreKFC1335 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent organizational changes. These changes were brought about due to the changes of ownership that followed since Colonel Sanders first sold KFC in 1964. In 1964, KFC was sold to a small group of investors that eventually took it public. Heublein, Inc, purchased KFC in 1971 and was highly involved in the day to day operations. R.J. Reynolds then acquired Heublein in 1982. R.J. took a more laid back approach and allowed business as usual at KFC. Finally, in 1986, KFC was acquired by PepsiCo, whichRead MoreCase Study : The Coca Cola Company1568 Words   |  7 Pagescomplies of: They offer a variety of products namely; Coca Cola, Sprite, Fanta, Diet Coke, Coca Cola Zero, Dasani, Minute Maid, Ciel, Powerade, Simply Orange, Coca Cola Light, Fresca, Glaceau Vitamin Water among a variety of other drinks (Muhtar, 2009). PepsiCo has had a number of mergers in the years since it was founded in 1965. It first merged with Frito-Lay in 1965, and then it was able to acquire Tropicana in 1998. In 2010 it acquired two bottlers namely Pepsi Bottling group and PepsiAmericas and finallyRead MoreBsb Inc: Pizza Wars Come to Campus1570 Words   |  7 Pagessimple and precise language †¢ Develop buy-in and support throughout the organization Mission and Vision Statements are commonly used to: Internally †¢ Guide managements thinking on strategic issues, especially during times of significant change †¢ Help define performance standards †¢ Inspire employees to work more productively by providing focus and common goals †¢ Guide employee decision making †¢ Help establish a framework for ethical behavior Externally †¢ EnlistRead MoreLeadership Comparison and Critique Essay3860 Words   |  16 Pagestransformational leader as having recognized the organization as a complex system in a chaotic environment. The leader has also responded to complexity by being aware of change. The transformational leader has established a shared vision and inspired the organization to learn and evolve in response to change. Transformational leaders have driven radical change, trading short-term stability for long-term survival. In 2007, Kouzes and Posner refined Burn’s work by breaking down the transformational leader’s qualitiesRead MorePepsico Organizational Behavior Project3444 Words   |  14 Pagesprocess of Internal and external factors that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors like committed to a job, role, or to make an effort to attain a goal, has been considered as one of the most frequently studied topic in the organizational science and the critical area in th e Organization Behavior. Motivation consist of three major components: 1st is direction which is the road the motivator use to attain his goal, 2nd is the intensity that is noticed by the concentration and vigorRead MoreChanging Culture at Pizza Hut6434 Words   |  26 PagesChanging Culture at Pizza Hut and Yum! Brands, Inc. The concept of corporate culture has captured the imagination of executives for years. For executives struggling to manage organizational change, understanding their organization’s culture has become paramount before undertaking such a change. They realize that significant strategic and structural realignment cannot occur if it is not supported by the organization’s norms and values. Organization cultures are created by leaders and, therefore,Read MoreHow Pepsico Uses Its Talent to Sustain a Competitive Advantage in the Marketplace.2200 Words   |  9 Pagesat PepsiCo Freeman F. Dennis Dr. J. A. Anderson, Sr. Talent Management – HRM 532*201004 July 19, 2011 Introduction. At PepsiCo talent management is taken very seriously. From the CEO on down, all level are involved in the reviews of high potential individuals. With this level of involvement, the talent that is attracted to the company is developed and trained so well that many of them go on to be top level executives at other major corporations. Discuss how PepsiCo usesRead MoreCreating PepsiCo Balanced Performance3734 Words   |  15 PagesExecutive Summary of the board PepsiCo has had consistently positive financial results in a very competitive and price sensitive marketplace. We believe that the company is well positioned to continue to meet its sales and revenue targets while maintaining profit margin. However, we think that in order to remain ahead of our competitors, our investment looking forward needs to be in our greatest asset, our employees. The introduction and roll out of the balanced scorecard method to create an individually

Management Implications and Strategies for Collaboration

Question: Discuss about the Management Implications and Strategies for Collaboration. Answer: Introduction In every contemporary workforce in the health care services, a diverse mix of ages is often working together with a possibility of at least four generations within the workplace. In his study, Smyrl (2011) denotes that each of the generation has different behaviors, expectations, and values that need to be understood within an organizations human resource planning as well as the responses to workforce management. This paper evaluates and presents a detailed analysis of the effects of the intergenerational workforce on the planning process while addressing the needs of every cohort within the workforce planning process. The paper as well presents the ethical considerations that are required in meeting the needs of the intergenerational workforce needs within the organization. It then concludes the essentiality of the role of recognition and reward efforts for each of the intergenerational groups in an organization. Effect of intergenerational workforces on workforce planning According to Kate, Martin, and Sandi (2016), a typical definition of the generation occurs by observing different time lines and influencing factors that at the end results into specific behavioral trends within the cohorts. For instance, the veterans are considered to be the greatest generation. The veterans bring together a heroic and traditional attitude to the workplace. In their study, Kate, Martin, and Sandi (2016) point out that the veteran is the oldest workplace generation made up of people that were born between the years 1920 and 1943. In workforce planning, the same study denotes that it is a generation that is respectful, accustomed to leadership, practical, and hierarchical. Haeberle, Herzberg, and Hobbs (2016) also denote that it is a reliable workforce of a generation that is reliable and steadfast in their duties but is often uncomfortable with the wild blender of age, ethnic diversity, and gender of the other generations due to their dependence on technology. The veteran is then followed by the Baby Boomers often considered as the 80 million children of the post-World War two eras. The generation is typically optimistic and driven in the workplace with a focus on growth in a self-centered arena. Glass (2017) denotes that it is a generation that grew up as the center of attention of their parents (the veterans) while enjoying the thrilling progress of the space age, television, and modern suburbia. Even though they as well possess some of the duty-driven working habits of the veterans, Smyrl (2011) assert that the workforce planning process should consider the generation are as well originators of consensus-based leadership and collaborative work. The generation is interested in helping the younger generation since the population is also cautious to pro-technology. However, they are often frustrated by what may seem to them as lack of ambition in the approach the young generation give to work. The Baby Boomers are then followed by the Generation X consisting of the 46 million individuals that were born between the year 1964 and 1979. It is a generation that is influenced by the sweeping complexity in the social change hence sandwiched between the complexity of the globalization and technological innovation and the optimism of the Baby Boomers generation. According to Nimrod (2016), they are often the epitome of divorce who grew up with the self-reliant attitude hence not as trusting as the previous generations. This population has a tendency of being skeptical and has anti-personal commitments, an aspect that garnered the generation the name slacker. However, allocated any duty within the workplace that is meaningful to them on a schedule that balances the work and their life, and given colleagues they respect, they can become very productive and highly creative according to Kate, Martin, and Sandi (2016). After Generation X, the millennial generation also called Generation Y follows consisting of a population that is characterized by optimistic influence and unprecedented economic prosperity. They are more focused to adopting technological innovations with the aim of making the world a better place. They have been raised by parents with the determination to give them the best. Nimon (2016) denotes that the millennial generation is sophisticated and smart but has very close ties with their parents, an aspect that even influences their performance in the workplace. The workforce planning process should factor in the idea that this is a generation with a digital DNA and are only used to the world of iPods, wireless access, DVDs, cell phone families, and almost everything done over the internet including school assignments, sports, shopping, etc. Addressing the needs of every cohort in workforce planning Creating an intergenerational friendly workforce plan, there is a need for understanding the different expectation of the generations from leadership, to work tool, career aspirations, as well as what makes them walk back to the workplace every day (Smyrl, 2011). Effective management of intergenerational workforce is one of the major challenges facing leadership of different organizations. Addressing the needs of every cohort in workforce planning hence requires the organization to have a clear understanding of the workforce. In his study, Nimrod (2016) points out that an organization can adopt the following aspects in meeting the desires and needs of an intergenerational workforce. Updating the technical skills of the workforce- according to Gladwell et al. (2010), generation X and the boomers are used to the traditional instructor-led programs as well as self-learning tools. On the other hand, the millennial generation prefers technological centered and collaborative strategies as a result of the omnipresent innovative and technological advances as well as the value placed individual coaching. For a long time, many employees complained concerning the millennial working styles as disruptive to workplaces. However, Kate, Martin, and Sandi (2016) denote that the generational differences result in varying outlooks and the resulting workforce changes such as new communication methods as well as enhanced work-life which can only be understood by the old generation through sharing of skills. Adopting to change-The Generation X and the millennial generation often sees change as a mode of accessing new opportunities. Johnson (2010) denotes that the Boomers should be the most cynical and jagged towards change since the population grew in a transitional period involving a relatively stable work and living environment to a cost-cutting period. It is also the time where re-organization became the way of life rather than just an exception. In every organization, therefore, the work planning should be focused on adopting a change to open more opportunities for the Generations X and Y and open a diverse mind in the working knowledge and skills of the baby boomers and the veterans. Communication style- As baby boomers are more perceived to be reserved, millennial and Generation X often favor more in-person and collaborative aspects of interaction. The workforce planning should hence focus on ideas that create opportunities for coaching styles of management other than focusing more on the top-down authoritative approaches of communication. Mixing and matching project teams- team make-up and team building should be adopted as opportunities to get together and build strong positive working relationships. In such occasions, the age group cohorts learn from each other by sharing diverse skills, experiences, and perspectives that are beneficial for both individuals and the organization. In so doing, innovations, as well as new skills and techniques of solving problems, can be reached. Ethical considerations of meeting the intergenerational workforce needs Unethical behavior, as well as possible lack of corporate social responsibility in a working place, can damage the reputation of an organization hence making it less appealing to stakeholders and give an advantage to its competitors. Boomers have a higher rank than Millennial and Generation X in many dimensions except in health. Millennials as well rank higher in hard work, gratification delays, and morality than Generation X according to Meriac, Woehr, and Banister (2010).Despite all the ethical differences, the following are some of the ethical considerations that should be adopted across the intergenerational workforce in a workplace. Many times, it evident that the management hires incompetent and unproductive persons due to personal interests of the top management personnel. Often, worthy and potential employees have always been left out as a result of such poor hiring policies. However, Gibson (2015) denotes that every employee irrespective of the generation is an asset of the organization and unfair practices can inflict lasting damage to its performance in the long run. There should be no any form of discrimination by the organization based on the generation to which an employee belongs as long as they are potential and can be productive towards achieving the goals of the employees. The management should as well not hold grudges against workers due to personal interests and conflicts. Their productivity and performance should be the only parameter for promotion or appraisal. Despite the generation one belongs, every employee is expected to be loyal to the organization as long as he or she is found in the payroll of the organization. All the four generational cohorts hence need not be reminded of what is expected of them while in the workplace. As a result, any dishonest behavior that is likely to malign the organizations image or prove to be unprofitable to the business is highly unprofessional and unethical (Way Medved, 2017). It is the most essential of all the ethics in the workplace because it is the main good of the business. Once hired to work, every employee whether a veteran, baby boom, generation X, or millennial should keep his side of the bargain to the company. When it happens, such a behavior rarely disappears unnoticed by the leadership of the workplace. Despite the differences in perspectives of the intergenerational workforce, each employee is expected to bear the relevant consequences towards any lack of commitment towards the workplace responsibilities. Role of reward and recognition efforts for each of the intergenerational groups Nicholas (2010) denotes that one of the impacts of impending wave on Baby Boomer and Veteran retirements is losing expertise and accumulated knowledge since age comes with wisdom and expertise. On the other hand, retaining older workers leads to reduction in the business productivity since age can as well brig health complications, outdated skills, as well as lower motivation due to inertia and career status. However, the reward and effort recognition results into a positive effect and stronger self-conception despite the age (Fraone, 2012). Effectively managing and motivating the four generations requires an understanding, recognition, and respect towards the differences of their characteristics and values. Millinnials feels rewarded and their efforts recognized when the management connects their performance to career goals and personal objectives since they are optimistic and achievement-oriented according to Smyrl, (2011). The boomers are often optimistic and are motivated by leaders who involve them in the organizational duties so that they can show they can as well make a difference. Whether due to lifestyle, life-stage performance, or generational differences, people often express interest in a wide range of recognition, rewards, and incentives. However, some motivational elements are often universal such as a sincere thank you and a part on the back among others. Also, Millinnials do not get satisfied with a quick thank you as they are interested on something specific. Generation X appreciates rewards and recognition but prefer when it is done privately or within a small group. Boomers also appreciate a formal reward and recognition in front of groups or a team (Nimon, 2016). Conclusion Intergenerational workforce consists of a mixture of conflicts, compliments, and opportunities since the influencing circumstances and events, ambitions, values, and priorities are in conflict. However, every age cohort is still interested in learning from and connecting with each other. Within the workforce, it is evident that the four generations have different work perspectives, unique work ethics, idiosyncratic styles, preferred and distinct way of being managed and managing. They as well have unique ways of perspectives towards work-world issues such as service, quality, and just showing up for work. The difficulty of the generations to get along can affect the distribution of work and contribution of views towards the objectives of the work. However, with good communication and open mind, it is possible to work out the generational differences so as to make workplaces more comfortable and productive places. References Dois, J., Landrum, P., and Wieck, K.L. (2010). Leading and Managing an Intergenerational Workforce. Creative Nursing, Vol. 16, Issue. 2, 2010. Fralix, P. Motivating a Multigenerational Workforce. Retrieved 12/05/10 from https://www.myarticlearchive.com/articles/6/243.htm Fraone, J. (2012). The multi-generational workforce: Management implications and strategies for collaboration. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College Center for Work and Family. Gibson, J.W. (2015). Generational Differences in the Workplace: Personal values, behaviors, and popular beliefs. Journal of Diversity Management, Third Quarter 2015, Vol. 4, No. 3. Gladwell, N., Dorwart, C., Stone, C., Hammond, C. (2010). Importance of and satisfaction with organizational benefits for a multigenerational workforce. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1-19. Glass, A. (2017). Understanding generational differences for competitive success. Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2007, 98-103. Haeberle, K., Herzberg, J., and Hobbs, T. (2016) Leading the Multigenerational Work Force. Healthcare Executive, Sep/Oct 2016, Vol. 24, No. 5. Johnson, L. (2010). Generations, Inc.: From Boomers to LinkstersManaging the Friction between Generations at Work. New York: American Management Association. Kate, S., Martin, S., Sandi W (2016). Strategies for Intergenerational Workplace. Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2007, 98-103.Retrieved from https://www.gensler.com/uploads/documents/IntergenerationalWorkplace_07_17_2008.pdf Meriac, J.P., Woehr, D.J., and Banister, C. (2010). Generational Differences in Work Ethic: An examination of measurement equivalence across three cohorts. Journal of Business Psychology, Vol. 25. Nicholas, A.J. (2010). Generational Perceptions: Workers and Consumers. Journal of Business and Economics Research, Vol. 7. No. 10, Oct. 2009. Nimon, K. (2016). The importance of recognizing generational differences in HRD policy and practices: a study of workers in Qinhuangdao, China. Human Resources Development International, Vol. 11, No. 2, April 2008, 167-182. Smyrl, B (2011). Leading a Multi-Generational Workforce: Understanding Generational Differences for Effective Communication, College of Professional Studies Professional Projects. Paper 28. Retrieved from https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029context=cps_professional Way, A. K Medved, C. E. (2017). Intergenerational Communication in the Workplace. The International Encyclopedia of Organizational Communication. 19.

Overpopulation Better Education Essay Example

Overpopulation Better Education Paper One of these has been the ability to save lives and create better medical treatment for all. A direct result Of this has been increased lifespan and the growth Of the population. In the past fifty or so years, the growth of population has boomed and has turned into overpopulation. In the history of our species, the birth and death rate have always been able to balance each and maintain a population growth rate that is sustainable. Since the time of the Bubonic Plague in the sasss, the growth of population has been on a constant increase. Between the time of the plague and the 21st century, there was en hundreds and thousands of wars, natural calamities and man-made hazards. However, none of these have made a dent on the population. Developing nations face the problem of overpopulation more than developed countries, but it affects most of the Earth as of now. When we are talking about overpopulation, we should first understand the causes Of it. Causes of Overpopulation Decline in the Death Rate: At the root of overpopulation is the difference between the overall birth rate and death rate in populations. If the number of children born each year equals the number of adults that die, then the population will stabilize. Talking about overpopulation shows that while there are many factors that can increase the death rate for short periods of time, the ones that increase the birth rate do so over a long period of time. The discovery of agriculture by our ancestors was one factor that provided them with the ability to sustain their nutrition without hunting. This created the first imbalance between the two rates. Better Medical Facilities: Following this came the industrial revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation Better Education specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation Better Education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation Better Education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Technological advancement was perhaps the biggest reason why the balance has been permanently disturbed. Science was able to produce better means of producing food, which allowed families to feed more mouths. Medical science made many discoveries thanks to which they were able to defeat a whole range of diseases. Illnesses that had claimed thousands Of lives till now were cured because of the invention Of vaccines. Combining the increase in food supply with fewer means of mortality tipped the balance and became the starting point of overpopulation. More Hands to Overcome Poverty: However, when talking about overpopulation we should understand that there is a psychological component as well. For thousands of ears, a very small part of the population had enough money to live in comfort. The rest faced poverty and would give birth to large families to make up for the high infant mortality rate. Families that have been through poverty, natural disasters or are simply in need of more hands to work are a major factor for overpopulation. As compared to earlier times, most of these extra children survive and consume resources that are not sufficient in nature. Technological Advancement in Fertility Treatment: With latest technological advancement and more discoveries in medical science, it has become Seibel for couple who are unable to conceive to undergo fertility treatment methods and have their own babies. Today there are effective medicines which can increases the chance of conception and lead to rise in birth rate. Moreover, due to modern techniques pregnancies today are far more safer. Immigration: Many people prefer to move to developed countries like US, LIKE, Canada and Australia where best facilities are available in terms of medical, education, security and employment. The end result is that those people settle over there and those places become overcrowded. Difference between he number of people who are leaving the county and the number of people who enter narrows down which leads to more demand for food, clothes, energy and homes. This gives rise to shortage of resources. Though the overall population remains the same, it just affects the density of population making that place simply overcrowded. Lack of Family Planning: Most developing nations have large number of people who are illiterate, live below the poverty line and have little or no knowledge about family planning. Getting their children married at an early age increase the chances of producing more kids. Those people are unable to understand the harmful effects of overpopulation and lack of ignorance prompts them to avoid family planning measures. Effects of Overpopulation Depletion of Natural Resources: The effects of overpopulation are quite severe. The first of these is the depletion of resources. The Earth can only produce a limited amount of water and food, which is falling short of the current needs. Most of the environmental damage being seen in the last fifty odd years is because of the growing number of people on the planet. They are cutting down forests, hunting wildlife in a reckless manner, causing elution and creating a host of problems. Those engaged in talking about overpopulation have noticed that acts of violence and aggression outside of a war zone have increased tremendously while competing for resources. Degradation of Environment: With the overuse of coal, oil and natural gas, it has started producing some serious effects on our environment. Rise in the number Of vehicles and industries have badly affected the quality Of air. Rise in amount of CO emissions leads to global warming. Melting of polar ice caps, changing climate patterns, rise in sea level are few of the consequences hat we might we have to face due to environment pollution. Conflicts and Wars: Overpopulation in developing countries puts a major strain on the resources it should be utilizing for development. Conflicts over water are becoming a source of tension between countries, which could result in wars. It causes more diseases to spread and makes them harder to control. Starvation is a huge issue facing the world and the mortality rate for children is being fuelled by it. Poverty is the biggest hallmark we see when talking about overpopulation. All of this will only become worse if solutions are not ought out for the factors affecting our population. We can no longer prevent it, but there are ways to control it. Rise in unemployment: When a country becomes overpopulated, it gives rise to unemployment as there fewer jobs to support large number of people. Rise in unemployment gives rise to crime as people will steal various items to feed their family and provide them basic amenities of life. High Cost of Living: As difference between demand and supply continues to expand due to overpopulation, it raises the prices of various commodities including food, shelter and healthcare. This means that people have to pay more to survive and feed their families. Solutions to Overpopulation Better Education: One of the first measures is to implement policies reflecting social change. Educating the masses helps them understand the need to have one or two children at the most. Families that are facing a hard life and choose to have four or five children should be discouraged. Family planning and efficient birth control can help in women making their own reproductive choices. Open dialogue on abortion and voluntary sterilization should be seen when talking about overpopulation. Making People Aware of Family Planning: As population of this world is growing at a rapid pace, raising awareness among people regarding family planning and letting them know about serious after effects of overpopulation can help curb population growth. One of the best way is to let them know about various safe sex techniques and contraceptives methods available to avoid any unwanted pregnancy. Tax Benefits or Concessions: Government of various countries might have to come with various policies related to tax exemptions to curb overpopulation. One of them might be to waive of certain part of income tax or lowering rates f income tax for those married couples who have single or two children. As we humans are more inclined towards money, this may produce some positive results. Knowledge of Sex Education: Imparting sex education to young kids at elementary level should be must. Most parents feel shy in discussing such things with their kids which result in their children going out and look out for such information on internet or discuss it with their peers. Mostly, the information is incomplete which results in sexually active teenagers unaware of contraceptives and embarrassed to seek information about same. It is therefore important for parents and teachers to shed their old inhibitions and make their kids or students aware of solid sex education. Image credit: environmentally , [emailprotected] RELATED POSTS See more at: http://www. Conserve-energy-future. Com/causes-effects- solutions-of-overpopulation . PH#stash. Cookbook. Duff http://geode. Tripod. Com/did. HTML What impact does overpopulation have on the economy? Overpopulation has a definite effect on a countrys economy. First of all, when countries are overpopulated, the hardly have enough food to support themselves, never mind the hope of having a surplus to sell. This can contribute to a low GAP per Capita which is effect overpopulation has on the economy. In an attempt to save the people from the starvation, the government will most likely have to rely on foreign debt. This puts the country in debt at stretches the governments already meager resources. Furthermore, when a country is overpopulated, there is a high rate of unemployment because there just arent enough jobs to support the population. This results in a high level of crime because the people will need to steal things in order to survive. What impact does Overpopulation have on the environment? Overpopulation does not just affect the standard of living, but also the environment. Every person on the planet takes up space, but space is needed for farmland, and forests. People excrete wastes and pollution that flow into water systems, and animal habitats, polluting water, and killing wildlife. Many people cannot bathe or brush their teeth because of the status of the water in their land. Forests are being torn down as more wood and land is needed to support our ever-growing population. The loss of these forests leads to extinction of plants and animals. These plants could contain cures for sissies that will never be found. Urban areas are expanding, polluting the air and water systems. These areas deplete the Earths resources, and over 2 billion hectares of arable land have already been lost, with 16 million more hectares being removed each year. In Nigeria alone, 351 000 ha of land are being removed every year. 51% of the fossil fuels on Earth are being used ballsy and China alone, leaving less than half for the remaining countries, including those infract. In fact, most of those remaining fossil fuels go to other developed countries, leaving a dismal amount for Africans.

The Function of the Federal Reserve System in the US Economy

The Function of the Federal Reserve System in the US Economy When countries issue currency, especially fiat currency that is not specifically backed by any commodity, it is necessary to have a central bank whose job it is to monitor and regulate the supply, distribution, and transacting of currency. In the United States, the central bank is called the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve currently consists of the Federal Reserve Board in Washington, D.C., and twelve regional Federal Reserve banks located in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Kansas City, Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia, Richmond, San Francisco, and St. Louis. Created in 1913, the history of the Federal Reserve represents the federal government’s   ongoing effort to achieve the goals of any central banking system - ensure a secure American financial system by maintaining a stable currency backed by the benefits of high employment and minimal inflation.   Brief History of the Federal Reserve System The Federal Reserve was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act. In crafting the landmark legislation, Congress was responding to a series of economic panics, bank failures, and credit scarcity that had plagued the nation for decades. When President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act into law on December 23, 1913, it stood as a classic example of an all-too-rare politically bipartisan compromise balancing the need for a consistently regulated centralized national banking system with the competing interests of established private banks backed by a strong â€Å"will of the people† populist sentiment. Over the more than 100 years since its creation, responding to economic disasters, such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s, have required the Federal Reserve to expand its roles and responsibilities. The Federal Reserve and the Great Depression As U.S. Representative Carter Glass had warned, years of speculative investments led to the disastrous â€Å"Black Thursday† stock market crash of October 29, 1929. By 1933, the resulting Great Depression had resulted in the failure of nearly 10,000 banks, leading newly inaugurated President Franklin D. Roosevelt to declare a banking holiday. Many people blamed the crash on the Federal Reserve’s failure to stop the speculative lending practices quickly enough and for its lack of an in-depth understanding of monetary economics necessary to implement regulations that might have lessened the devastating poverty resulting from the Great Depression.  Ã‚   In response to the Great Depression, Congress passed the Banking Act of 1933, better known as the Glass-Steagall Act. The Act separated commercial from investment banking and required collateral in the form of government securities for Federal Reserve notes. In addition, Glass-Steagall required the Federal Reserve to examine and certify all banking and financial holding companies. In a final financial reform, President Roosevelt effectively ended the long-standing practice of backing U.S. currency by physical precious metals by recalling all gold and paper silver certificates, effectively ending the gold standard. Over the years since the Great Depression, the duties of the Federal Reserve expanded significantly. Today, its responsibilities include supervising and regulating banks, maintaining the stability of the financial system and providing financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions. How Does the Federal Reserve System Work? The Federal Reserve system is overseen by a seven-member board of governors, with one member of this committee chosen as the chairman (commonly known as the Chairman of the Fed). The president of the United States is responsible for appointing Fed chairmen to four-year terms (with confirmation from the Senate), and the current Fed chair is Janet Yellen. (The regular members of the board of governors serve fourteen-year terms.) The presidents of the regional banks are appointed by each individual branchs board of directors. The Federal Reserve system serves a number of functions, which generally fall into a couple of categories: first, it is the Feds job to ensure that the banking system stays responsible and solvent. While this does sometimes mean that the Fed has to work with the three branches of government to think about explicit legislation and regulation, it more often means that the Fed works in a transactional sense to clear checks and to act as a lender to banks that want to borrow money themselves. (The Fed does this mainly to keep the system stable and is referred to as the lender of last resort, since the process is not really encouraged.) The other function of the Federal Reserve system is to control the money supply. The Federal Reserve can control the amount of money (highly liquid assets such as currency and checking deposits) in a number of ways. The most common way is to increase and decrease the amount of money in the economy via open-market operations. Open-Market Operations Open-market operations simply refer to the process of the Federal Reserve buying and selling U.S. government bonds. When the Federal Reserve wants to increase the money supply, it simply purchases government bonds from the public. This works to increase the money supply because, as the buyer of the bonds, the Federal Reserve is giving out dollars to the public. The Federal Reserve also keeps government bonds in its portfolio and sells them when it wants to decrease the money supply. Selling decreases the money supply because the buyers of the bonds give currency to the Federal Reserve, which takes that cash out of the hands of the public. There are two important things to note about open-market operations: first, the Fed itself isnt directly responsible for printing money. Printing money is handled by the Treasury, and there are multiple channels by which the money gets into circulation. (Sometimes, for example, the new money just replaces worn-out currency.) Second, the Federal Reserve doesnt actually create or issue the government bonds, it just handles them in secondary markets. (Technically, open-market operations could be conducted with a number of different assets, but it makes sense for the government to manipulate the supply and demand of an asset that was issued by the government itself.) Other Monetary Policy Tools Although not used nearly as frequently as open-market operations, there are other tools that the Federal Reserve can use to change the amount of money in the economy. One option is to change the reserve requirement for banks. Banks create money in an economy when they loan out customers deposits (since both the deposit and the loan count as money), and the reserve requirement is the percentage of deposits that banks have to keep on hand rather than lending out. An increase in the reserve requirement, therefore, restricts the amount that banks can lend out and thus reduces the money supply. Conversely, a decrease in the reserve requirement increases the number of loans that banks can make and increases the money supply. (This, of course, assumes that banks want to lend more when they are allowed to do so.) The Federal Reserve can also change the money supply by changing the interest rate that it charges banks when it acts as the lender of last resort. The process by which banks borrow from the Federal Reserve is called the discount window, and the interest rate that the Federal Reserve charges is called the discount rate. When the discount rate is increased, it is more expensive for banks to borrow in order to cover their reserve requirements. Therefore, a higher discount rate causes banks to be more careful about reserves and make fewer loans, which reduces the money supply. On the other hand, lowering the discount rate makes it cheaper for banks to rely on borrowing from the Federal Reserve and increases the number of loans they are willing to make, thus increasing the money supply. Decisions regarding monetary policy are handled by the Federal Open Market Committee, which meets approximately every six weeks in Washington in order to discuss changing the money supply and other economic issues. Updated by Robert Longley

How to Distill Ethanol or Grain Alcohol

How to Distill Ethanol or Grain Alcohol Ethanol is also called ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol. Its made from a fermented mixture of corn, yeast, sugar, and water. The resulting alcohol is 100 to 200 proof (200 proof is pure alcohol). In addition to use in the lab, ethanol is a popular fuel alternative and gasoline additive. Because it is flammable, ethanol can be prohibitively expensive to ship, so it may make sense to distill your own. Anyone can have a still, but be advised you may need to get a permit in order to make ethanol. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: 3 - 10 days, sometimes longer How-To Steps If you are starting with whole corn, you first need to convert the cornstarch into sugar by sprouting the corn. Place the corn in a container, cover it with warm water, and drape a cloth over the container to prevent contamination and conserve heat. Ideally, the container will have a slowly draining hole at the bottom. Add warm water from time to time as the liquid level falls. Maintain the setup ~3 days or until the corn has sprouts about 2 inches long.Allow the sprouted corn to dry. Then grind it into meal. Alternatively, start with cornmeal. Other grains can be prepared in much the same way (e.g. rye mash).Mash or mush is made by adding boiling water to the corn meal. The mash is kept warm to start the fermentation process. Yeast is added, if available (half pound yeast per 50 gallons of mash, for example), and sugar (variable recipe). With yeast, fermentation takes about 3 days. Without yeast, fermentation could require more than 10 days. The mash is ready to run once it stops bu bbling. The mash has been converted into carbonic acid and alcohol. It is called wash or beer or sour mash. The wash is placed into a cooker, which has a lid that is pasted shut so that it has a seal which can be blown off should internal pressure become too great. At the top of the cooker, there is a copper pipe or arm that projects to one side and tapers down from a 4-5 inch diameter to the same diameter as the worm (1 to 1-1/4 inch). The worm could be made by taking a 20 ft length of copper tubing, filling it with sand and stopping the ends, and then coiling it around a fence post.The sand prevents the tubing from kinking while being coiled. Once the worm is formed, the sand is flushed out of the tube. The worm is placed in a barrel and sealed to the end of the arm. The barrel is kept full of cold, running water, to condense the alcohol. Water runs in the top of the barrel and out an opening at the bottom. A fire is maintained under the cooker to vaporize the alcohol in the wash.The ethanol vaporizes at 173Â °F, which is the target temperature for the mixture. The spirit will rise to t he top of the cooker, enter the arm, and will be cooled to the condensation point in the worm. The resulting liquid is collected at the end of the worm, traditionally into glass jars. This fluid will be translucent, and about the color of dark beer. The very first liquid contains volatile oil contaminants in addition to alcohol. After that, liquid is collected. The containers of liquid collected from over the wash are called singlings. Liquid collected toward the end of this run is called low wine. Low wine can be collected and returned to the still to be cooked again. The initial collections are higher proof than those collected as the distillation progresses.The singlings tend to have impurities and require double-distillation, so once the low wine has been run to the point where a tablespoon or so thrown on a flame wont burn (too low proof), the heat is removed from the still and the cooker is cleaned out. The liquid remaining in the still, the backings or slop, can be recovered and poured over new grain (and sugar, water, and possibly malt) in a mash barrel for future distillations. Discard mash after no more than eight uses.The singlings are poured into the cooker and the still is returned to operation. The initial collecti ons can approach pure alcohol (200 proof), with the end collections, using the flash test on the flame, at about 10 proof. The desired proof depends on the application. The highest proof usually obtained from a still is 190 proof. For using alcohol as a fuel alternative, for example, addition purification with a sieve may be required to obtain 200 proof ethanol. Tips If you live in the United States, a permit may be required in order to legally distill ethanol.Stills traditionally were operated close to a water source, like a stream or river, because the cool water was used to condense the alcohol in the tubing (called the worm)Stills needed to have removable tops so that they wouldnt explode when pressure built up from heating the mash. What You Need 25 lb corn meal or 25 lb shelled whole corn100 lb sugar (sucrose)100 gallons water6 oz yeast

In terms of child protection critically examine the policy Essay

In terms of child protection critically examine the policy developments that have been introduced to facilitate collaboration of - Essay Example 2006, p.67). On the other hand, Mattessich and Monsey defined collaboration as ‘a mutually beneficial and well-designed relationship entered into by two or more individuals or organizations to achieve common goals’ (Mattessich and Monsey, in Raspa et al. 2000, p.23). Moreover, Hamric et al. (2005) explained that collaboration is ‘a dynamic process which focuses on the sharing of goals, values and commitment’ (Hamric et al. 2005, p.91), while Haussler (2006) highlights the voluntary character of collaboration as an activity developed in the context of social relationships or of commercial partnerships. Current paper is based on collaboration as defined by Hamric et al. (2005) – which emphasizes on the necessity of shared values and commitment – for explaining and evaluating the child protection initiatives in England and Wales, especially regarding the level at which these initiatives have managed to facilitate the collaboration among relevant b odies in England and Wales. 2. ... tive text on which the protection of children in UK is based is the Children and Young Persons Act 1933; the above law is used jointly with the main law on child protection in England and Wales, the Children Act 1989 – as updated through the Children Act 2004. The above law establishes the principle of the parental responsibility (section 3) for the protection of the child but also the right of the Court to intervene and make an Order – if necessary – for ensuring the protection of the child (section 1). Moreover, the power of local authorities to intervene and take measures for the protection of the child is clearly defined (section 47, NSPCC, 2011). In Children Act 2004 (section 10) ‘a duty has been set for agencies to cooperate in order to improve the well being of children’ (Children Act 2004, Surrey community). The above legislative text is followed by two guidance texts (published in 1991), which establish the cooperation among the agencies for increasing the protection provided to children; furthermore, guidelines are given for assessing the needs of children within their families; the first of the above guidelines, under the title ‘Working together to safeguard children: a guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children’ (DCSF 2010 in NSPCC fact sheet, 2010, p.2), is of key importance, setting the framework of the collaboration among agencies operating in the particular sector. Other legislative texts have been published, after the Children Act 2004, aiming to address specific needs of children: for example, the Children and Adoption Act 2006, the Children and Young Persons Act 2008, the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 (NSPCC fact sheet, 2010, p.5-7). The key agencies

RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY - Assignment Example Each of these professionals worked with children in their homes. Each child had been diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Delays or Autism. The materials used during the study were written pamphlets and any manipulative materials such as flash cards, toys and treats necessary for the Discrete Trial Teaching instruction. The independent variable was the discrete trial teaching instruction delivered to each of the paraprofessionals. The dependant variable was the percentage of accuracy each paraprofessional displayed in correctly implementing the discrete trial instruction in a home setting. The procedure for this study involved training the paraprofessionals in a classroom setting until they were 100% accurate in delivering correct discrete trial teaching. They were then monitored over the space of several months to see how accurately they could generalize the skills to the children they worked with in their homes. Multiple observers were used as a part of this procedure, as was typ ical, non-specific supervision by agency supervisors. After arriving at 100% accuracy in the classroom setting, all three paraprofessionals showed very low accuracy scores at the beginning of the home sessions. Initially, they scored at 50%, 54% and 63% accuracy. After typical supervisory interventions over the next 1-3 weeks, all of the participants were operating above 95% accuracy. All participants were approaching 100% accuracy by the end of the study. The results suggest that training paraprofessionals in discrete trial teaching is an effective way to instruct children with Autism and Pervasive Developmental Delays in the home setting. The high percentages suggest that the paraprofessionals were able to generalize the classroom instruction to the home base instruction they are expected to deliver to their clients. This ability to generalize is important because paraprofessionals typically work with multiple clients in multiple settings throughout the

Story of an Hour Essay Example for Free

Story of an Hour Essay In A Story of an Hour, Mr. Bentley Mallard was a controling figure that completely dominated his marriage with his wife Mrs. Louise Mallard. Through out the story Mrs. Mallard longed for some sort of freedom. She could never have that freedom because from a young early age she was empowered by her parents and when she became of age she married and her husband became in charge. You see freedom is something that we all crave, whether it be something insignificant or something earth shattering we all have the will and desire to do whatever we please no matter how silly it is we long to do things with out judgment or with out someone telling you what to do and how to do it. From the time that I was born, to the time that I reached about 14 years old there was an invisible barrier that developed called â€Å"The Sacred Places† in life. This â€Å"Sacred Place† separated me from the outside world. As a kid I was always told to stay inside unless I went outside with a parent or some sort of guardian watching over me. The  reason behind this was not to keep us from all of the fun things that are outside of the four walls of my house, but it was to keep me safe and secure from harm. However if I did happen to go outside with out any sort of supervision I were punished with a spank or a stern voice informing me to never do that again or else I would be in bigger trouble. In A Story of an Hour, Louise Mallard was trapped in her home and was not aloud to go outside under any circumstance. Mr. Mallard didn’t let her go out because in those days women were treated as property and not as actual people with rights. When I was a little bit younger I thought that I knew everything and that I was my own person that had nobody to tell me what to do, and although I thought I knew it all until I reached the age of 18 I had to realized that I was my parents property and I had to submit to there authority. No matter what I did or what I said to them to try to convince them to let me do something that I wanted to do they would always stay true to there decision  even it made me upset and frustrated with my parents. In the Story of an Hour, Mr. Mallard (the husband) was the head of the house; this meant that the house and everything in it was his including that people that lived in it. Being that Mrs. Mallard was his wife, he too owned her. Unlike me, Mrs. Mallard was contempt; she knew her role and her place in society and with out a word she obeyed she was used to this because this is how she was raised her whole life, she never questioned any authority. During this era married women and children were not aloud outside unless there were special circumstances such as a wedding or funeral, etc. This somewhat resembled my family  because as I said before if I was being supervised by someone that was older than me and responsible (special circumstance) I was aloud outside to play in the yard. However I was aloud to go out when there wasn’t a funeral or wedding. When it comes down to it I believe that every single person wants freedom, I remember as a young kid looking out of windows everywhere I went. I would always look out and imagine what certain things looked like. For instance when I would drive on the freeway going towards Phoenix I would always pass the downtown area of Tucson and I would see big buildings towering over the city and I always wondered who lived there, what type of foods were over there, and many more different things like that. I think what fascinates all of us is being able to understand and know the unknown. What’s behind the curtain? What’s behind the wall? What’s behind door number three? Those are questions we all ask. Throughout A Story of an Hour I honestly wasn’t captured by the story until Mrs. Mallard was lying on her deathbed. They story says that â€Å"she looked out the window†. To me when the author says this I believe that she is yearning for the outside world and thinking about all of the things she could have done. 1 can only imagine what is going through her mind at this point because when I was 13 I would long to do something I wasn’t aloud to do and was always so consumed by the fact that I would have to stay behind and do whatever my parents did, but Mrs. Mallard on the other  hand is on her Deathbed and has no control of  what she can do anymore. Mrs. Mallard hasn’t done any of the things that she truly wanted to do in life and is forced to watch the world go by while she is helplessly on her deathbed. Has there ever been a time in your life where you wanted something so bad for so long but never actually got it, but on the day you finally got it suddenly lost interest in the object. Well that’s how I was. From the age of 14 I wanted to drive and do my own thing. I literally counted down the days that I would be able to drive. The day finally came when I could drive and I was so excited and for the next few months I was on cloud nine. However as time went on I found my self strongly disliking the chore of driving, and I would be always asked to drive at night when I was tired so my dad could sleep, or my parents would ask me to go to the store for them at 11pm. The things that I didn’t think about, came back to haunt me. Another example would be when I would ask for the new game system that had just came out and after a few months it would be stuck behind the closet collecting dust because I was bored of it. Mrs. Mallard never had that freedom; she never had a choice or anything like that so it was something that she couldn’t have that made her want to be her own person. At the end of the story she was told that her husband had died, she became so excited that her heart began to beat at an extremely fast rate. Freedom and independence were something that she longed for, for such a long time and she finally had it. When Mr. Mallard walked into the room her heart and mind filled with so many emotions, she didn’t know what to do and how to do it so she was completely shocked. According to the doctors she died of joy. She thought that she had finally been freed from the life she was living but when she saw her husband things change. I believe that we all long to be our own person with no direction, but I believe that over time we  grow accustomed to the things we are comfortable with even if we don’t like what we are doing.

Analysis of Shakespeares The Tempest - Caliban and Trinculo :: Shakespeare The Tempest

Psychoanalytic Analysis of Caliban and Trinculo of The Tempest  Ã‚  Ã‚   From a psychoanalytic perspective, both Caliban and Trinculo of Shakespeare’s The Tempest are interesting characters. Caliban is very sexual and bitter, while Trinculo is at odds with everything: his situation of being washed ashore and wrongly accused of saying things when he did not utter a word, as well as Caliban’s worship of an unkingly man, his drunken friend Stephano. Caliban has obviously not had all of his desires trained to stay within him, despite Prospero’s punishments and Miranda’s schooling. Trinculo, on the other hand, wastes his emotions in a bottle of liquor and knows better than Caliban who is and is not fit to worship. Caliban is rude, crude, ugly and lazy. Speaking in a psychoanalytic manner, Caliban is going to be remembered as bitter and obsessed with sex. This sexual desire is going to be coincided first with thoughts of his mutation-- a feeling of inadequacy-- and then more significantly with the absence of his mother. That he had no parents on which to form an Oedipal complex and knows only who his mother was (nothing is mentioned of his father) makes for interesting observations on how he deals with sexuality. We learn that he does not deny that Prospero is the only barrier between him and the rape of Miranda. It is clear that he has developed only so far as Freud’s theory of id, with small touches of the superego. Caliban’s development of the superego is evident only when he does not wish to receive Prospero’s pinches and cramps. He is otherwise all for anything that will bring him pleasure. Being free of Prospero, fulfilling his sexual desires with Miranda and drinking liquor are all on his menu. Trinculo is unable to forget, as the butler Stephano does, all of his woes into the bottom of a bottle. He is upset by the way that Stephano allows himself to be carried away by the worship and praise of Caliban. He is also dismayed in the unjust treatment Stephano dispenses on Caliban’s behalf as Ariel plays Puckish tricks. Clearly, there is no problem with this jester’s ego. He wants himself to be taken care of. He does not appreciate the way he is treated on the monster’s behalf, because he knows he has done no wrong. Later, Trinculo’s id takes over somewhat as he becomes more intoxicated and no longer has the will to let his ego control his id.

Education of the Henry Adams

â€Å"The Education of the Henry Adams† reviews Adams' and the United States's education and growth during the 19th century. Adams was an old man who had Puritan beliefs about sex and religion. In this autobiography, Adams voices his skepticism about man's newfound power to control the direction of history, in particular, the exploding world of science and technology, where all certainties of the future have vanished (anb.org, 1). Adams grew up in the United Stated where he was a Puritan. Puritans believed that sex (women especially) was just a form of fertility and reproduction; otherwise â€Å"sex was a sin† (Adams, 384). â€Å"American art, like the American language and American education, was as far as possible sexless† (Adams, 385). The only sculptures and paintings of women that Adams viewed with understanding were those like the Virgin Mary, who was always seen as non-sexual. For example, â€Å"America was ashamed of her†¦have strewn fig-leaves so profusely all over her† (Adams, 384). However, during this time of the technology revolution, women were beginning to be viewed differently, especially in Europe. Women were viewed as beautiful and mortal beings. People such as Rodin were representing women in paintings and sculptures sexually. Sex was becoming something more than just a means of reproduction. Suddenly Adams was far, far away from his Puritan custom-bound life. People were no longer motivated by religion, being saved by God, and going to heaven; science, technology, money, and power had taken over the drives of man. Religion (a common â€Å"scale† of the past) had taken the backseat to science, technology, money, power, and the new ideas and art of sex (all new â€Å"scales† of the present and the future). â€Å"In opposition to the medieval Virgin, Adams saw a new godhead-the dynamo-symbol of the modern history†s anarchic energies† (anova.org, 1). Adams desperately wanted to learn about the new world of technology, the â€Å"dynamos†, yet he felt helpless to find this new knowledge and to comprehend it. Adams was overwhelmed by the technology of the dynamos. When Adams saw the dynamo, it became a symbol of the future, of infinity (Adams, 380). â€Å"He began to feel the forty-foot dynamos as a moral force, much as early Christians felt the cross† (Adams, 380). Like the changes in art and sexuality, the technology was overtaking religion. The dynamo, to Adams, has become a symbol of the unknown, of the future without God and religion. This was Adams†s greatest uncertainty; going against all of his past and beliefs and moving on into the unpredictable future.

North Carolina as a colony

North Carolina is one of the thirteen colonies established by England around 1650. The  territory was called Carolina in honor of Charles the First.  Queen Elizabeth I of England granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter for the establishment of a  settlement in North America. Sir Raleigh and the Queen planned to establish a colony to be able to  explore for treasures and to scout for a strategic location where they can raid loaded Spanish ships. Based on these reasons, an expedition was sent in 1584 to explore for a suitable location and also  bring samples of the nature’s bounty on the area. After the successful exploration, the group  returned to England. In 1585, the first group of colonists was organized and they arrived at the north  end of the Roanoke Island. Ralph Lane with seventy-five men was left in the island while Sir  Richard Grenville, leader of the expedition returned to England to get additional food supplies and  additional men. Friction with the natives occurred when the settlers attacked a village in response to  the stealing of a silver cup by the natives. By April 1586, relations with a neighboring tribe had  degraded to such a degree that they attacked an expedition led by Lane to explore the Roanoke River.1 There was still no sign of Grenville’s fleet and due to hardships encountered, the settlers  accepted the offer of Sir Francis Drake to return to England.  Ã‚  The second group was led by John White and they arrived in June 1587. White tried to  reestablish friendly relations with the neighboring natives. At first, the natives were hostile and  aloof. But gradually the English gained their confidence by offering glass beads and dolls as signs  of friendships (Hale 128). But the aggrieved tribes whom Ralph Lane attacked were still unfriendly  to the new colonists and shortly thereafter, one colonist was killed by these natives. Fearing for their  lives, White was elected to return to England to inform of their situation and ask for help.   Two  significant events occurred shortly after the colonists’ arrival: two â€Å"friendly† Indians were baptized  and a child was born. Virginia Dare, as the baby was named, became the first child bor n to English-  speaking parents in the new world.2 But White was delayed in coming back to the colony because  of the following reasons: the vessel was not in good condition to travel back home and in crossing  the Atlantic Ocean; the refusal of the captain to sail back to the colony during winter time and then  the war with the Spanish Armada was imminent   and all the able ships were tasked to fight. He was  able to return in the spring of 1590 and found only the remnants of what was once a settlement. There were no signs of life, only the word â€Å"CROATAN† carved on a nearby tree.3   The second  failure can be attributed by factors beyond the control of the settlers. Although Sir Raleigh was  given a charter to colonize, attention was focused on the war with Spain. Cole and Warren  concluded that, â€Å"because England was so completely involved in fighting the Spanish Armada in  1588, no supplies were sent, nor any communications maintained with the settlements†. (403) The  colonization might have been successful if the expedition was fully equipped with farm implements,  food supplies and able manpower who are trained to do hard work in cultivating the soil. They  should have establish friendly relations with the natives to preserve their lives as well as with the  natives’. The impact left by Ralph Lane and John White on the area was that they had spread Christianity and English language to the new world.   It is ironic that Stuart Monarch James I rather than the visionary Elizabeth succeeded in  finally planting the British flag on the American shores. (Garraty and Gay 663) In 1607, three  shiploads arrived at Jamestown sent out by the London Company of Virginia. Captain John Smith  imposed a semi-dictatorial attitude to his men to check their incompetence and lack of initiative. His  edict, â€Å"He who does not work shall not eat† (Cole and Warren 406) was effective that they soon  cultivated crops especially staple crops and tobacco. By 1610, more settlers arrived and by 1612,  there were exportation of tobacco to other places. Significant too were the introduction in 1619 of  representative government – important to the Englishmen who contemplated migration to the New  World – and the beginnings of Negro servitude – important despite its inhumanity, to the economic  future of North America.(Garraty and Gay 665) Reference List Cole, Fay-Cooper, and Harris Gaylord Warren. An Illustrated Outline of History of Mankind. Grolier Incorporated: New York, 1963. Garraty, John A., and Peter Gay. The Columbia History of the World. Harper and Row: New York, 1972. Hale, John R. Age of Exploration. Time-Life International: Nederland, 1974. â€Å"Historical Highlights of North Carolina †.The State Library of North Carolina. 3 April 2006. 14 Nov. 2006. â€Å"Roanoke Island†. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 14 Nov. 2006. 15 Nov. 2006.

The feud between East and West Coast Hip Hop Culture.

The feud between East and West Coast Hip Hop Culture. Hip-Hop's Greatest RivalryHip-hop is a term recognized by many, but understood by few. To mainstream audiences today, the term has become a synonym for rap music; however, hip-hop in actuality is a relatively new cultural movement that "began amongst urban (primarily, but not entirely, African American) youth in New York [City]" ("Hip-Hop"). Soon after the birth of hip-hop in the mid 1970s, the cultural movement quickly spread throughout the United States and today has come to be known to the entire world. Hip-hop is constantly changing and although it has mainly appealed to the youth, its audience is continually growing. Hip-hop culture has four elements - graffiti art, breakdancing, DJing, and MCing/rapping (Ayazi-Hashjin 6,7). A main cause of the birth of hip-hop was the civil rights movement in the United States.Black consciousness and pride swept the streets among African Americans, especially those living in cities after the start of the civil rights movement.English: Photo of the front of 1520 Sedgwick Avenu...Prior to the birth of hip-hop, the Black Panthers were a powerful group, and The Nation of Islam was beginning to organize. Black culture was becoming better known through outlets such as magazines and jazz. As Black Americans were identifying with each other more and more, many other closely-knit black communities were forming, especially in New York City. An important consequence of this was the formation of gang culture (Ogg 23). In the 70s, street gangs became very popular among the Black American youth. Gangs became a way of representing Black pride for many. Young Black Americans looked to join gangs because of the kinship they could form with others who lived in a similar lifestyle. As the number of gangs grew, however, gang rivalry intensified to violence. The Bronx area of New York City in 1970s was thought of to be one of the...

Online Options for German Lessons for Beginners

Online Options for German Lessons for Beginners The German language is much easier to learn than you might have heard. With the right course structure, a little discipline, and some online tools or apps, you can master your first steps into the German language quickly. Heres how to get started. Set Realistic Goals Make sure to set a solid goal like e.g. I want to reach German level B1 by the end of September with 90  minutes of daily work and also consider booking an exam about six to eight weeks before your deadline (if you stay on track, of course). For more about what to expect from German exams,  take a look at our exam  series: How to pass an A1-ExamHow to pass an A2-ExamHow to pass a B1-Exam If You Want to Focus on Writing If you need help with your writing,  Lang-8  offers a service where you can  copy and paste a text for the communityusually native speakersto edit. In return, you just need to correct another members text, which will not take you long. And its all free. For a small monthly fee your text will be featured more prominently and get corrected faster but if time doesnt matter to you, the free option is sufficient.   If You Want to Focus on Pronunciation and Speaking Looking for a conversational partner is the very best way to hone your speaking skills.  While you can try to find a tandem partner, with whom you could arrange a free language exchange, its often simpler to just pay someone for this job. Sites like  Italki  and  Verbling are places where you might find someone suitable and affordable. Those dont necessarily have to instruct you, although that might be helpful. Thirty minutes of practice a day is ideal, but any amount will improve your skills rapidly. Basic German Concepts and Vocabulary Below youll find a number of resources on this site that are suitable for beginners. Grà ¼ÃƒÅ¸e: Common greetingsDas ABC: The German AlphabetAll About the German  Personal PronounsHow to Tell if a German Word is Masculine, Feminine, or NeuterLearning the German Verbs Haben  (to have) and  Sein  (to be)German verbs in the present tenseCommon adjectives and colors How to Stay on Track and Get Motivated Programs like  Memrise  and  Duolingo  can help you stay on track and make your vocabulary learning as efficient as possible. With Memrise, while you could use one of the ready-made courses, I strongly recommend that you create your own course. Keep the levels manageable  with approximately 25 words each.  Tip: If you are better at setting goals than you are at following through (and who isnt?), try the motivational platform  stickk.com.

Corporate Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Impact of Culture on International Business

Impact of Culture on International Business Doing business on the international plane presents many challenges because of a variety of factors which differ from one market to the other. These differences are basically informed by the environment of the host country, which is often times different from that at home. One of the environmental factors that present such a challenge is culture. Culture can be defined as complex construct that embodies a peoples knowledge, morals, art, beliefs, customs, laws and other capabilities gathered by a community over time (Clifton, 2004). The culture of the host country strongly impacts on the performance of a firm that engages in international business. Notable aspects of culture central to the conduct of international business include the social structure, religion, language and education. G4S, a company that has established itself in international business has had its fair share of challenges in this area. Social structure has to do with how society is socially organized. It could be looked at from the individual-group dimension, or from the social stratification dimension. Some societies consider an individual the pillar of social organization (Emerson, 2007). This is the scenario G4S encountered when it entered the American and most Western markets. The challenge here was how to instill a sense of teamwork among employees. It was an uphill task for managers who had been socialized to believe in the superiority of teamwork, as individuals compete against each other for results. On the Japanese market however, the firm found that emphasis was on group, rather than individual performance. Though this is said to be the driving force behind the companys success in Japan, it is vilified for imbedding creativity, and is touted as a stumbling block to dynamism. This, indeed, is a challenge the firm has had to deal with. Social stratification has to do with placing members of society in certain classes. There are those in the lower, middle and upper classes. Many times, this is borne out of ones family background, income or occupation. Those from the lower class only hope to move from that class to the upper one through a process called social mobility, which is in most cases done through education and job opportunities. When opportunities for mobility are suffocated, there is likely to be conflict between the classes; and in the job situation, between management and employees. Some societies have room for social mobility, while others do not. A country like Britain has less social mobility (Hill Jain, 2008, p. 66, 67). As a result, there is always simmering tension between management and workers, which the firm has had to deal with from time to time. When industrial disputes become frequent, the firm finds doing business in the country quite expensive. Such a problem is not common in America, where social mobility is easy. G4S operates in countries with various religious persuasions, which have an effect on its operations. In predominantly Christian (protestant) countries such as Britain, America and most of Africa, the spirit of entrepreneurship has helped expand the companys operations and profitability. Protestantism advocates for hard work and creation of wealth for Gods glory, but abstinence from worldly pleasures. Since the resources earned from working cannot be spend on leisurely pursuits, the only other option is to reinvest it in expanding the business (Hill Jain, 2008, p. 70). The Christian ethic, which is a cultural issue, is supportive of the entrepreneurial (capitalist) mindset. Doing business in Islamic countries such as Saudi Arabia is rather tricky. In the first place, the Islamic culture frowns upon charging interest on loan. Doing business in such an environment has been very expensive. The fact that adherents of Islam do not work on Fridays goes against the practice in other countr ies, and managers found it difficult making adjustments. The Islamic culture also favors market based systems and when they suspect one is making exorbitant profits, however justified, the establishment begins putting sanctions in the companys ways. This has hindered the company from making maximum profits from its investment, which is the hallmark of the capitalist culture from where the company originates. There have also been problems of negative perception of the company because of the historical West-Islamic conflict, making the firms operations difficult. When tensions between the two sides run high, sometimes the companys property is destroyed, or its products and services shunned by customers. This reduces the companys profitability. Operations in China where Confucianism advocates for individual connections rather than the rule of law have also been problematic. Business ethics have not been adhered to, making the firm lose out on opportunities for lack of connections, refe rred to as Guanxi (Goodrich, 2005). G4S once lost case where a company that had breached a contract was left unpunished because one the companys top executives was a son to a leading politician. Though this would appear to be unethical in most Western countries, it is perfectly normal in China, as the company later came to learn. For the sake of survival, G4S has now been forced to recruit well-connected local executives, and to enter partnerships with local companys belonging to senior government officials. This is normal in order in China. Most of the countries in which G4S operates have diverse linguistic backgrounds. This has posed major problems, especially in Saudi Arabia, where most people speak Arabic. Expatriate managers without the knowledge of Arabic have found it very hard to communicate when marketing the companys products and services. This has forced them to attend Arabic classes so as to make them perform better. Most African countries with a multiplicity of languages also pose problems of multiple cultures, which call for extensive training on the part of managers for these regions. Formal education determines the quality of skill, values, norms and the general socialization of individuals. G4S has had problems operating in countries such as Somalia and Rwanda in Africa, which have no proper system of formal education. In most cases, the firm has had to rely on expatriates to fill top management positions. References Clifton, J. (2004). Culture and International Business. New York: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Emerson, N. (2007). The Social Dimension of International Business. Beverly Hill: Sage Books. Goodrich, A. (2005). The Dynamics of Global Business. Chicago: Gift Book Publishers. Hill, C. W and Jain, A. K. (2008). International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace. New Delhi. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. Impact of Culture on International Business Impact of Culture on International Business In this essay I am going critically to evaluate the impact of culture on the International Business. Culture is a term which could be defined in many ways. All the people have different attitudes and perceptions so when being asked what is culture for them , the answer will always have different aspects. Despite the we all believe we have impulsive knowledge on what culture mean defining it is more complex. According to Kroeber and Kluckhohns research culture may be defined in more than 160 ways. Best culture descriptions that were found during the research are that culture is. Different aspects of culture help different people to find the best field for them. But theres a case when culture affects the whole society not only individuals. According to Francis Fukuyama the most crucial area of modern life in which culture exercises a direct influence on domestic well-being and international order is the economy. Although economic activity is inextricably linked with social and political life, there is a mistaken tendency (â‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦) to regard the economy as a facet of life with its own laws, separate from the rest of society. The comprehensive cultures impact on international business might be found in every international company as culture affects HRM , International marketing , supply chain , operations management , corporate strategies and especially way of doing business. On the other hand cultures influence may be found mainly in values , beliefs and behavior. We can simply view three cultural differences across values , beliefs and behavior (see Appendix 2) The main summary about culture we can make is that when comparing different cultures we can define 4 key assumptions. Cultures are not homogenous. Within every culture there are subcultures . For example the caste system in India, working class culture. Also place of residence. For example Basque people , French Canadian. Cultural heritage and its interpretation are very individual, so we cant assume that two people from one country will behave in similar way or to have common beliefs. Separation of cultural issues from economic and political is complex as all three factors interact to influence views and beliefs. Defining the degree of differences between cultures is not straightforward because recognition of differences is a subjective issue. As the level of international trade and travel increases cultures become increasingly associated and the cultural diffusion may alter the significance of national cultures. As we saw that culture influences beliefs , values and behavior , its likely that the culture affects also the management style. The variations of what authorizes the management are not different in black and white terms , because theres a cross-cultural understanding of the purpose of doing business and the nature of management task. However there are differences of emphasis , priority and understanding which may create a variety of styles and practice. In fact the differences can be found by separating countries in a cluster. According to Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions there are four kinds of them which are used in order to compare national cultures. Individualism versus collectivism Individual rights and freedoms are fundamental values in individualistic cultures.  Special emphasis is placed on personal career and remuneration.  Collectivistic cultures are built on a foundation of values: harmony between people in the group, the priority of group needs and interests.  Hofstede concludes that all rich countries are individualistic and poor collectivist.  In societies individualistic relationships can be planned and either party to terminate them if they replace them with a good offer from elsewhere.  In collectivist cultures are characterized by relationships of moral and emotional nature. Power Distance Each member of the organization defines different levels of owned by him and other members of the groups organizational status, prestige and level in the organizational hierarchy.  Various are the rights deriving from the hierarchical level.  Subordinates carry out the decisions of superiors in a different way.  Use categories: gender, inequality, privilege, social position, status, power, etc. podchineiie  Studies of Hofstede put Asian and South American countries together with Belgium, France, Italy and Spain in the group of countries with a high index of severity of hierarchical position.  Scandinavian countries and the U.S. have low values of this parametyr, Bulgaria is among the countries that are characterized by the greatest difference between managers and subordinates. Uncertainty avoidance There are societies in which the uncertainty of future worries people, and vice versa.  For those societies are characterized respectively high or low depending on the experts in solving problems as small or large mode of individual consciousness to deal with them.Societies that do not take the risk and fear of tomorrow, develop pluralism of opinions and are willing to deal with individual problems.  In other societies, people are fighting for the future, they are nervous and aggressive.  They feel threatened by the world around them because they avoid the risk.  Hence the characteristics of the crop in their respective organizations: subordinates seek clear instructions and managers, preferring more rules and laws.  Bulgaria is among the countries in which people feel moderately stressed, are more conservative beliefs and value safety. Masculinity v femininity G. Hofstede defines masculinity as the extent to which dominant values in society are considered aggressive, pursuing the goals by all means.  The orientation is towards money and possession of property.  Cultures with a feminine nature, appreciate the relationship between people, caring for others, overall quality of life.   Dimension masculinity femininity is important to determine the methods of reasoning in the job, the choice of approaches to solving nl most complex tasks of conflict resolution.In Table.  5.5.  reflected the consequences for organizations of prevailing masculinity or femininity in the national culture (adapt. 3, 5, 12, 15 and 18). Depending on national cultures are formed organizational value systems and behavior.  Large transnational corporations are constantly confronted with the problem of national cultures, assessed the compatibility of cultures, predict the development of their interaction and assign them (incorporate).   So for every businessperson that is going to deal for a first time with a specific country can easily to look at the clusters (see Appendix 3 , fig 1) and to get an idea whit what kind of culture hes facing and how to deal. These clusters show that theres a level of cultural attraction between groups of nations so its easier to make a general understanding of management practice. But there are danger s of making groupings of countries. The detail of how people behave in certain situations must be discovered by own experience and discussions with people who have already worked with the particular country. Although having an understanding of a nations characteristics at a good level is very useful in international business because in different parts of the world theres a different management styles and because each of the main business factors are affected by the culture and cultural differences. When a company is creating its international strategy , it should consider where and what is going to sell , also to evaluate if the product will be accepted , because the future of the products success depends on the cultural understanding of the people who are going to buy it. For example for a company selling pork meat will be impossible to sell in Islamic countries because of the religion restrictions. Also staff should be employed in a variety of adequacy in the foreign locations. So human resource management need to be sensitive to any cultural need that might to individual countries. Similarly if a company wants to establish overseas plants , the culture and cultural difference can easily affect the way of production and content and format of any financial reports produced to report the firms performance. Its important to look how culture affects the operations management , international marketing , human resource management and finance functions. Impact of culture on International Marketing Its clear that the cultural differences across the world offers not only challenges but also opportunities for the international marketing. When being on a business trip its interesting to face products and facts that might be regarded as strange . For example advertisements of well-known brands completely different than those ones at home , or even opening hours for shops. All of those simple facts are of a great importance for marketing managers and pose potential threats for them when developing a strategy. When a company which is going to expand overseas is developing its strategy there are four alternatives for it: selling the product without changes on international markets. modifying products for different countries or regions. developing new products for foreign markets. incorporating all differences in a single product and introducing a global product Having categorized cultural groupings and cultural characteristics , managers are able to seek new overseas markets to expand their firms , to sell more goods , and to raise profits. Even culture might be suggested as a tool for marketing segmentation because if the culture in the target country is similar to the culture in the existing markets , its a precondition that selling the product in the target country might be successful. Products sold on foreign markets are influenced by the local behavior, tastes, attitudes and traditions in each market. The Coca Cola Companys attempt to sell Diet  Coke product on the Japanese market was not successful because the Japanese do not  consider themselves overweight and Japanese women do not want to admit they are  dieters turning to products whose label specifies that. The company was forced to  change the product name in Coke Light, and the promotion emphasized keeping in  shape by consuming the product, and not losing weight. Goods intended for consumers are more likely to suffer changes because they need to be adopted to meet the customers expectation in the target market and to meet the economic conditions of it. There are many examples of international firms that adjust their products to meet the specific expectations of the overseas markets. For example, McDonalds was forced to remove their menus including pork and beef meat and to create menus especially for the Indian market. The company has also developed rice-based  menus in China, started selling beer in Germany, wine in France, and in Japan  the character Ronald McDonald was called Donald McDonald to be easier to  pronounce by the Japanese. Another cultural issue that is effecting the international business is the price because it needs to match exactly the level of economic development in the target country. McDonalds is an exact example of that. When McDonalds opened in India , the company wasnt forced only to remove the beef and pork menus but also to reduce the prices of all goods which were sold in the restaurants. But still despite the fall in prices recent statistics show that McDonalds in India raised their profits by 8,9%. Human Resource Management In every company the HRM Manager is in charge to care for recruiting and training staff , working methods and time. For every company dealing across the world , its very likely to have staff of mixed nationalities which could lead to cultural confounding. When recruiting staff , some cultures will apply more conducted approach. For example the approach will be based on accurate qualification for the job and also test in order to asses the potential ability of the candidates. Other cultures will act differently by applying more easygoing approach. For example this approach is based on education, personal recommendation or employer networks. A main concept that is also relevant to the HRM is Hofstedes concept of power distance. Its relevant because its related to mans attitudes to hierarchy and also the way in which this might be translated into different ranges of pay levels of the highest and the lowest in the company. For example in France which Hofstede defined in the Power Distance group , theres a great gap between lowest and highest paid employee while in contrast the more collectivist and low power distance countries the gap is much smaller. Finance In order a company to pursue its goals and objectives it must be ensured with sufficient funds. Also need to be monitored if funds are used efficiently and correctly , if financial performance is reported to then management and shareholders. These are the main functions of the finance within every business. But elements mainly influenced by culture are sources of finance and reporting practice. Sources that might be used for companies expanding vary between different countries , as sources reflect not only on the political economy of the countries but also on their state of economic and financial development. For example in countries as japan and Germany usual form of sourcing business is by having loan from a bank while in the USA and UK businesses rely more on raising money by selling equity shares on the stock market. In order to expand overseas , companies may choose to find the money from the host or home country or even from third country. For example, when McDonalds decided to open their first restaurant in Moscow in 1990 during the Soviet Union. The company has used a joint venture with the Moscow City Council. Despite all the funds came from the franchisor from Canada and the US headquarters , the deal was to pay to the City Council in order to be allowed to operate in Moscow. So the agreement reflected the Soviet/Russian political system where business and state a re closely connected. So its fair to say that the financial arrangements were partially influenced by culture. Similarly there isnt an unified approach for reporting financial results by annual reports. For example nations as Germany , Italy and France use continental approach and is heavily influenced by tax regulations. The reports information is designed to allow the tax authorities and government to compute and monitor the liability. While Australia , USA and UK use Anglo-Saxon approach. Its assumed that the shareholders are the main users and the information provided in the report allows them to asses the companys performance and their investments performance. These differences are of a great importance for international companies because when they enter the international market and build their branches they will be challenged to agree to the local terms and rules. Also the financial information from all the branches should be combined in addition to create consolidated accounts. Common practice for international companies is to create unified reporting system based on home countrys rules and terms. So then the international branches use this system in order to prepare their financial reports. After reports are finished then the local staff in the international branches reworks the reports in order to meet the local regulations. Appendix 1 shared patterns of behavior (Mead) ; Collective mental programming (Hofstede); A set of base assumptions shared solution to universal problemsâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ handed down from one generation to the next ( Schein) ; The essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values (Krober and Kluckhohn)